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That was some battle

  • 1 ♦ some

    ♦ some /sʌm, səm/
    A a. e pron.
    1 qualche; del, dello, degli, dei; della, delle; un po' di; ne; alcuni, alcune; certuni, certune; taluni, talune; certi, certe; diversi, diverse; parecchi, parecchie: Some boys were reading, qualche ragazzo leggeva; alcuni ragazzi leggevano; Some money will be needed, ci vorrà del denaro; I took some, but not all, ne presi un po' (o alcuni), non tutto (o non tutti); I like it, but some don't, a me piace, ma a certuni no; I stayed there for some time [some weeks], rimasi là un certo tempo [diverse settimane]
    2 uno, una; un certo, una certa; una specie, una sorta di: We'll do that some other time, lo faremo un'altra (o qualche altra) volta; It seemed to be some inn or hotel, aveva l'aria d'essere una (specie di) locanda o un albergo; some day ( or other), un giorno (o l'altro); I read it in some paper ( or other), l'ho letto in un (qualche) giornale
    3 (fam.) grande; considerevole; ragguardevole; grosso; notevole: That was some battle, è stata una grossa battaglia, quella; quella sì che è stata una battaglia!
    4 (fam., iron., in frasi escl.) bello: Some friend you are!, bell'amico che sei!; It will take some doing!, ce ne vorrà del bello e del buono!; ci sarà un bel po' da fare!
    5 (fam., esprimendo ammirazione, disprezzo, stupore, ecc.; è idiom.; per es.:) Some car!, accidenti che automobile!; Some party!, che festa!; Some people!, che gente!; (iron.) Some hope of that!, vacci a sperare! NOTA D'USO: - any / some-
    B avv.
    1 circa; pressappoco; all'incirca; a un dipresso: some fifty miles away, a circa cinquanta miglia di distanza
    2 (fam. USA) alquanto; piuttosto; abbastanza; un po': The snow is some deeper than yesterday, la neve è alquanto più alta di ieri; I'm feeling some better now, adesso sto un po' meglio
    3 (fam. USA) molto; un bel po': You'll have to travel some to get there, dovrai viaggiare un bel po' per arrivarci
    ● some more, dell'altro; degli altri; ancora: Have some more biscuits, prendi degli altri biscotti!; Can I have some more?, ne posso prendere ancora? □ some people, alcuni; taluni; certuni □ some time, per un po'; un po' di tempo NOTA D'USO: - sometime, sometimes o some time?- □ some time around noon, verso mezzogiorno □ (fam.) and then some, e molti altri ancora; e più ancora.

    English-Italian dictionary > ♦ some

  • 2 some

    sʌm
    1. мест.;
    неопред.;
    как сущ.
    1) кое-кто, некоторые, одни, другие This bird feeds on worms and according to some, on roots. ≈ Эта птица питается червями и, как утверждают некоторые, корнями растений. Some ran, some did not run. ≈ Одни побежали, другие нет. Syn: others
    2.
    2) некоторое количество He ran a mile and then some. ≈ Он пробежал одну милю и потом еще немного. ∙ and then some
    2. мест.;
    неопред.;
    как прил.
    1) какой-нибудь, какой-то, некий, некоторый It was in some newspaper. ≈ Это было в какой-то газете. - some day - some time
    2) некоторый, несколько;
    часто не переводится Please give me some milk. ≈ Дайте мне, пожалуйста, молока. There are some some cats in the garden. ≈ В саду несколько кошек.
    3) немного, несколько I shall be away for some time. ≈ Некоторое время меня здесь не будет. - some few
    4) много, немало, порядочно He'll need some health. ≈ Ему потребуется немало здоровья.
    5) разг. замечательный, в полном смысле слова, стоящий часто ирон. That was some party! ≈ Вот это была вечеринка! Syn: remarkable, striking
    3. мест.;
    неопред.;
    как нареч.
    1) разг. несколько, до некоторой степени, отчасти He felt some better. ≈ Он почувствовал себя немного лучше. Syn: somewhat
    2.
    2) около, приблизительно The club consists of some 40 members. ≈ В клубе где-то около сорока человек. twenty-some people ≈ примерно двадцать человек Syn: about
    1., nearly, approximately какой-нибудь, (хоть) какой-то - * other solution will have to be found придется (нужно) найти (какое-то) другое решение - ask * experienced person спроси (у) какого-нибудь опытного человека - give it to * lawyer передайте (поручите) это (какому-нибудь) юристу - he will have to make * sort of reply ему ведь придется хоть что-то ответить - let's do that * other time давайте сделаем это как-нибудь в другой раз - come and see me * Monday приходите ко мне как-нибудь в понедельник (в какой-нибудь из понедельников) - I shall see you * day this week мы с вами увидимся как-нибудь на этой недел - he must buy * new cpothes ему нужно купить себе из одежды - can you give me * lunch? не дадите ли вы мне что-нибудь позавтракать (пообедать) ?, не покормите ли вы меня завтраком (обедом) ? какой-то, некий - * variation некая разновидность - * man wants to speak to you с тобой хочет поговорить какой-то человек - * Mr. Smith wants to see you вас хочет видеть некий (какой-то) мистер Смит - * fool has locked the door какой-то дурак запер дверь - he went to * place in France он поехал куда-то во Францию - * one какой-нибудь один;
    кто-то, кто-нибудь, кто-либо - * else кто-то другой - * else's чужой, не свой - * or other тот или иной;
    кто-нибудь, кто-либо - *has to lock up the house кто-нибудь (кто-то) должен запереть дом - * one place выберите какое-нибудь одно место некоторые, одни;
    другие - * people say that it is not difficult некоторые (люди) говорят, что это нетрудно - * fans paid ten dollars for their seats! есть такие болельщики, которые заплатили по десять долларов за место! - * days he earns more, * days less в какие-то дни он зарабатывает больше, в какие-то - меньше некоторое количество, немного - I would like * milk я бы выпил (немного) молока - have * more tea выпейте еще чаю - when I have * free time когда у меня бывает свободное время - he has * money to spare у него есть лишние деньги( немного свободных денег) - have * pity! сжальтесь!, пожалейте (меня) ! несколько - it happened * years ago это случилось несколько лет тому назад - I saw * people walking in the garden as I passed когда я проходил (мимо), я видел нескольких людей, гуляющих в саду - * miles more to go еще несколько миль ходьбы немало, порядочно - it takes * time на это нужно время - it needs * pluck to do that это требует известного (немалого) мужества - they discussed it at * length они обсуждали это довольно долго - the station is * distance off станция находится на некотором расстоянии отсюда - he had * trouble in arranging it он устроил это с немалым трудом;
    ему не так просто было устроить это (американизм) (сленг) отличный, что надо, хоть куда - it is * cake! вот это торт! - * heat! ну и жара, нечего сказать! - that's * rain! ну и дождь( хлещет) ! - three hundred biles an hour! * speed! триста маль в час! вот это скорость! в сочетаниях (см. примеры) - *... or other тот или иной - in * book or other в одной из книг, в какой-то книге - we must settle this question * way or other нам нужно как-то (каким-то образом) решить (удалить) этот вопрос - * idiot or other was shouting all the night какой-то болван (идиот) орал всю ночь приблизительно, около, примерно - * hundred people около ста человек - we were * sixty in all нас было всего( примерно) шестьдесят - it costs * twenty pounds это стоит около двадцати фунтов( разговорное) несколько, немного - he felt * better ему стало несколько лучше;
    он стал чувствовать себя немного лучше - * few немного, незначительное количество - I waited * few minutes я подождал всего несколько минут( американизм) (эмоционально-усилительно) очень, значительно - he was annoyed * он порядком рассердился - we were beaten * нас разделали под орех, нам поддали как следует - it amused me * это меня порядком позабавило - it was a fast train and it went * это был скорый поезд, и он шел на всех парах (преимущественно) (шотландское) слегка;
    чуть-чуть кое-кто, некоторые, одни;
    другие - * think that it is easy некоторые считают, что это легко - * agree with us, and * disagree некоторые (одни) с нами согласны, некоторые ( другие) нет - * of the boys come very early некоторые мальчики приходят (часть мальчиков приходит) очень рано кое-что, некоторые, одни;
    другие - I agree with * of what you say кое с чем из того, что вы говорите, я согласен - * are gold, * silver некоторые (одни) (вещи) из золота, некоторые (другие) из серебра, кое-что из золота, а кое-что из серебра - * of these days на днях, скоро некоторое количество, немного - * of the paper is damaged часть бумаги испорчена - he will be in town all August and * of September он пробудет в городе весь август и часть сентября - this is good, will you have *? это вкусно, хотите (попробовать) немного? несколько, немного - I want * of these strawberries дайте мне (немного) этой клубники -... and (then) *... и еще сверх того - he wants the lot and then * ему нужно все без остатка и еще сверх того - he's up to all the tricks and then * он знает все эти фокусы and (then) ~ разг. и еще много в придачу;
    вдобавок;
    some of these days вскоре, на днях, в ближайшие дни ~ (как нареч.) разг. несколько, до некоторой степени, отчасти;
    some colder немного холодней;
    he seemed annoyed some он казался немного раздосадованным ~ некоторый, несколько;
    часто не переводится;
    I have some money to spare у меня есть лишние деньги ~ (как прил.) некий, некоторый, какой-то, какой-нибудь;
    I saw it in some book (or other) я видел это в какой-то книге I saw ~ people in the distance я увидел людей вдали;
    I would like some strawberries мне хотелось бы клубники I saw ~ people in the distance я увидел людей вдали;
    I would like some strawberries мне хотелось бы клубники this is ~ picture! вот это действительно картина!;
    she's some girl! вот это девушка! some разг. замечательный, в полном смысле слова, стоящий (часто ирон.) ;
    some battle крупное сражение;
    some scholar! ну и ученый! ~ prop indef. (как сущ.) кое-кто, некоторые, одни, другие;
    some came early некоторые пришли рано ~ (как прил.) некий, некоторый, какой-то, какой-нибудь;
    I saw it in some book (or other) я видел это в какой-то книге ~ prop indef. некоторое количество;
    some of these books are quite useful некоторые из этих книг очень полезны ~ некоторый, несколько;
    часто не переводится;
    I have some money to spare у меня есть лишние деньги ~ немало, порядочно;
    you'll need some courage вам потребуется немало мужества ~ (как нареч.) разг. несколько, до некоторой степени, отчасти;
    some colder немного холодней;
    he seemed annoyed some он казался немного раздосадованным ~ несколько, немного;
    some few несколько;
    some miles more to go осталось пройти еще несколько миль;
    some years ago несколько лет тому назад ~ около, приблизительно;
    there were some 20 persons present присутствовало около 20 человек ~ около ~ приблизительно some разг. замечательный, в полном смысле слова, стоящий (часто ирон.) ;
    some battle крупное сражение;
    some scholar! ну и ученый! ~ prop indef. (как сущ.) кое-кто, некоторые, одни, другие;
    some came early некоторые пришли рано ~ (как нареч.) разг. несколько, до некоторой степени, отчасти;
    some colder немного холодней;
    he seemed annoyed some он казался немного раздосадованным ~ несколько, немного;
    some few несколько;
    some miles more to go осталось пройти еще несколько миль;
    some years ago несколько лет тому назад ~ prop indef. некоторое количество;
    some of these books are quite useful некоторые из этих книг очень полезны and (then) ~ разг. и еще много в придачу;
    вдобавок;
    some of these days вскоре, на днях, в ближайшие дни ~ day, ~ time (or other) когданибудь;
    some one какой-нибудь (один) ;
    some people некоторые люди ~ day, ~ time (or other) когданибудь;
    some one какой-нибудь (один) ;
    some people некоторые люди ~ place где-нибудь;
    some way out какой-нибудь выход some разг. замечательный, в полном смысле слова, стоящий (часто ирон.) ;
    some battle крупное сражение;
    some scholar! ну и ученый! ~ day, ~ time (or other) когданибудь;
    some one какой-нибудь (один) ;
    some people некоторые люди time: some ~ = sometime some ~ в течение некоторого времени some ~ некоторое время ~ place где-нибудь;
    some way out какой-нибудь выход ~ несколько, немного;
    some few несколько;
    some miles more to go осталось пройти еще несколько миль;
    some years ago несколько лет тому назад ~ около, приблизительно;
    there were some 20 persons present присутствовало около 20 человек this is ~ picture! вот это действительно картина!;
    she's some girl! вот это девушка! ~ немало, порядочно;
    you'll need some courage вам потребуется немало мужества

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > some

  • 3 Alcácer-Quivir, Battle of

    (4 August 1578)
       Known to history also as "The Battle of the Three Kings," this event helped weaken Portugal, deprive the country of a non-Castilian legitimate male heir, and led to her loss of independence. The site of the battle, known in Arabic as Alcazar-el-Kebr, is southwest of Arzila, Morocco, some 32 kilometers (20 miles) from Tangier. It was here that the Portuguese armed forces under the command of the foolhardy young king, 24-year-old Sebastião I of Aviz, were defeated and dispersed by Muslim forces under the Sharif of Morocco. More than 8,000 Portuguese died, including the king, whose body was apparently buried in Alcácer. About 15,000 of the Portuguese and their allied forces became prisoners in Morocco and few managed to escape to Portuguese forts on the coast. As a result of the disappearance of Sebastião and the defeat of an important part of the country's defense forces, Portugal was more vulnerable to Spanish power than since the late 14th century. In Morocco and in Portugal, rumors grew into legends concerning the fate of the young king. The cult and mythology of Sebastianism arose out of the initial uncertainty concerning the monarch's fate and the tragic decline and defeat of Portugal. "Sebas-tianism" featured myths that the king had survived and would return on a foggy morning to Portugal to drive out the Spanish invaders and restore Portugal to its former greatness. A vast literature in poetry, stories, novels, songs, and folklore grew around the sentiment of "Se-bastianism." Beginning in the late 16th century in Portugal, persons posing as the returned Sebastian, there to save Portugal, began to appear.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Alcácer-Quivir, Battle of

  • 4 place

    1. noun
    1) Ort, der; (spot) Stelle, die; Platz, der

    I left it in a safe place — ich habe es an einem sicheren Ort gelassen

    it was still in the same place — es war noch an derselben Stelle od. am selben Platz

    all over the place — überall; (coll.): (in a mess) ganz durcheinander (ugs.)

    in places — hier und da; (in parts) stellenweise

    find a place in something — (be included) in etwas (Akk.) eingehen; see also academic.ru/73191/take">take 1. 4)

    2) (fig.): (rank, position) Stellung, die

    know one's place — wissen, was sich für einen gehört

    3) (building or area for specific purpose)

    a [good] place to park/to stop — ein [guter] Platz zum Parken/eine [gute] Stelle zum Halten

    do you know a good/cheap place to eat? — weißt du, wo man gut/billig essen kann?

    place of residence — Wohnort, der

    place of work — Arbeitsplatz, der; Arbeitsstätte, die

    place of worship — Andachtsort, der

    4) (country, town) Ort, der

    Paris/Italy is a great place — Paris ist eine tolle Stadt/Italien ist ein tolles Land (ugs.)

    place of birth — Geburtsort, der

    go places — (coll.) herumkommen (ugs.); (fig.) es [im Leben] zu was bringen (ugs.)

    5) (coll.): (premises) Bude, die (ugs.); (hotel, restaurant, etc.) Laden, der (ugs.)

    she is at his/John's place — sie ist bei ihm/John

    [shall we go to] your place or mine? — [gehen wir] zu dir oder zu mir?

    6) (seat etc.) [Sitz]platz, der

    change places [with somebody] — [mit jemandem] die Plätze tauschen; (fig.) [mit jemandem] tauschen

    lay a/another place — ein/noch ein Gedeck auflegen

    7) (in book etc.) Stelle, die

    lose one's place — die Seite verschlagen od. verblättern; (on page) nicht mehr wissen, an welcher Stelle man ist

    8) (step, stage)

    why didn't you say so in the first place? — warum hast du das nicht gleich gesagt?

    in the first/second/third etc. place — erstens/zweitens/drittens usw.

    9) (proper place) Platz, der

    everything fell into place — (fig.) alles wurde klar

    into place — fest[nageln, -schrauben, -kleben]

    out of place — nicht am richtigen Platz; (several things) in Unordnung; (fig.) fehl am Platz

    10) (position in competition) Platz, der

    take first/second etc. place — den ersten/zweiten usw. Platz belegen

    11) (job, position, etc.) Stelle, die; (as pupil; in team, crew) Platz, der
    12) (personal situation)
    2. transitive verb
    1) (put) (vertically) stellen; (horizontally) legen

    place in position — richtig hinstellen/hinlegen

    place an announcement/advertisement in a paper — eine Anzeige/ein Inserat in eine Zeitung setzen

    2) (fig.)

    place one's trust in somebody/something — sein Vertrauen auf od. in jemanden/etwas setzen

    3) in p.p. (situated) gelegen

    we are well placed for buses/shops — etc. wir haben es nicht weit zur Bushaltestelle/zum Einkaufen usw.

    how are you placed for time/money? — (coll.) wie steht's mit deiner Zeit/deinem Geld?

    4) (find situation or home for) unterbringen ( with bei)
    5) (class, identify) einordnen; einstufen

    I've seen him before but I can't place him — ich habe ihn schon einmal gesehen, aber ich weiß nicht, wo ich ihn unterbringen soll

    be placed second in the race — im Rennen den zweiten Platz belegen

    * * *
    [pleis] 1. noun
    1) (a particular spot or area: a quiet place in the country; I spent my holiday in various different places.) der Ort
    2) (an empty space: There's a place for your books on this shelf.) der Platz
    3) (an area or building with a particular purpose: a market-place.) der Platz
    4) (a seat (in a theatre, train, at a table etc): He went to his place and sat down.) der Platz
    5) (a position in an order, series, queue etc: She got the first place in the competition; I lost my place in the queue.) der Platz
    6) (a person's position or level of importance in society etc: You must keep your secretary in her place.) der Platz
    7) (a point in the text of a book etc: The wind was blowing the pages of my book and I kept losing my place.) die Stelle
    8) (duty or right: It's not my place to tell him he's wrong.) die Aufgabe
    9) (a job or position in a team, organization etc: He's got a place in the team; He's hoping for a place on the staff.) der Platz
    10) (house; home: Come over to my place.) die Wohnung
    11) ((often abbreviated to Pl. when written) a word used in the names of certain roads, streets or squares.) der Platz
    12) (a number or one of a series of numbers following a decimal point: Make the answer correct to four decimal places.) die Stelle
    2. verb
    1) (to put: He placed it on the table; He was placed in command of the army.) stellen, setzen
    2) (to remember who a person is: I know I've seen her before, but I can't quite place her.) einordnen
    •
    - place-name
    - go places
    - in the first
    - second place
    - in place
    - in place of
    - out of place
    - put oneself in someone else's place
    - put someone in his place
    - put in his place
    - take place
    - take the place of
    * * *
    [pleɪs]
    I. NOUN
    1. (location) Ort m
    I hate busy \places ich hasse Orte, an denen viel los ist
    the hotel was one of those big, old-fashioned \places das Hotel war eines dieser großen altmodischen Häuser
    we're staying at a bed-and-breakfast \place wir übernachten in einer Frühstückspension
    let's go to a pizza \place lass uns eine Pizza essen gehen
    this is the exact \place! das ist genau die Stelle!
    this plant needs a warm, sunny \place diese Pflanze sollte an einem warmen, sonnigen Ort stehen
    Scotland is a very nice \place Schottland ist ein tolles Land fam
    that café is a nice \place dieses Café ist echt nett fam
    a nice little \place at the seaside ein netter kleiner Ort am Meer
    please put this book back in its \place bitte stell dieses Buch wieder an seinen Platz zurück
    this is the \place my mother was born hier wurde meine Mutter geboren
    sorry, I can't be in two \places at once tut mir leid, ich kann nicht überall gleichzeitig sein
    \place of birth Geburtsort m
    \place of custody Verwahrungsort m
    \place of death Sterbeort m
    \place of delivery Erfüllungsort m
    \place of employment Arbeitsplatz m
    \place of jurisdiction Gerichtsstand m
    \place of performance Erfüllungsort m
    \place of refuge Zufluchtsort m
    \place of residence Wohnort m
    a \place in the sun ( fig) ein Plätzchen an der Sonne
    \place of work Arbeitsplatz m, Arbeitsstätte f
    to go \places AM weit herumkommen, viel sehen
    in \places stellenweise
    this plant still exists in \places diese Pflanze kommt noch vereinzelt vor
    2. no pl (appropriate setting) [geeigneter] Ort
    this meeting isn't the \place to discuss individual cases diese Konferenz ist nicht der Ort, um Einzelfälle zu diskutieren
    university was not the \place for me die Universität war irgendwie nicht mein Ding fam
    that bar is not a \place for a woman like you Frauen wie du haben in solch einer Bar nichts verloren
    I'm looking for a \place to live ich bin auf Wohnungssuche
    we'll have a meeting at my \place/Susan's \place wir treffen uns bei mir/bei Susan
    where's your \place? wo wohnst du?; ( fam)
    your \place or mine? zu dir oder zu mir?
    they're trying to buy a larger \place wir sind auf der Suche nach einer größeren Wohnung
    4. ( fig: position, rank) Stellung f
    she's got friends in high \places sie hat Freunde in hohen Positionen
    they have a \place among the country's leading exporters sie zählen zu den führenden Exporteuren des Landes
    it's not your \place to tell me what to do es steht dir nicht zu, mir zu sagen, was ich zu tun habe
    I'm not criticizing you — I know my \place das ist keine Kritik — das würde ich doch nie wagen!
    to keep sb in their \place jdn in seine Schranken weisen
    to put sb in his/her \place [or show sb his/her \place] jdm zeigen, wo es langgeht fam
    ▪ in \place of stattdessen
    you can use margarine in \place of butter statt Butter kannst du auch Margarine nehmen
    I invited Jo in \place of Les, who was ill Les war krank, daher habe ich Jo eingeladen
    ▪ to be in \place an seinem Platz sein; ( fig: completed) fertig [o abgeschlossen] sein
    the chairs were all in \place die Stühle waren alle dort, wo sie sein sollten; ( fig)
    the arrangements are all in \place now die Vorbereitungen sind jetzt abgeschlossen; ( fig)
    the new laws are now in \place die neuen Gesetze gelten jetzt; ( fig)
    suddenly all fell into \place plötzlich machte alles Sinn
    to be out of \place nicht an der richtigen Stelle sein; person fehl am Platz[e] sein; ( fig)
    the large desk was totally out of \place in such a small room der große Schreibtisch war in solch einem kleinen Zimmer völlig deplatziert
    what you've just said was completely out of \place was du da gerade gesagt hast, war völlig unangebracht
    to push sth in \place etw in die richtige Position schieben
    7. MATH (in decimals) Stelle f
    to five \places of decimals bis auf fünf Stellen hinter dem Komma
    8. (job, position) Stelle f; (in team) Platz m; (at university) Studienplatz m
    your \place is here by my side du gehörst an meine Seite
    to take the \place of sb jds Platz einnehmen
    9. (in book) Stelle f
    to find one's \place die [richtige] Stelle wiederfinden
    to keep one's \place markieren, wo man gerade ist/war
    to lose one's \place die Seite verblättern[, wo man gerade war]; (on page) nicht mehr wissen, wo man gerade ist
    10. (seat) Platz m
    is this \place taken? ist dieser Platz noch frei?
    to change \places with sb mit jdm die Plätze tauschen
    to keep sb's \place [or save sb a \place] jdm den Platz freihalten
    to lay a/another \place ein/noch ein Gedeck auflegen
    to take one's \place at table Platz nehmen
    11. (position) Stelle f
    just put yourself in my \place versetzen Sie sich doch mal in meine Lage!
    if I were in your \place... ich an deiner Stelle...
    what would you do in my \place? was würden Sie an meiner Stelle tun?
    12. (ranking) Platz m, Position f
    the song went from tenth to second \place in the charts das Lied stieg vom zehnten auf den zweiten Platz in den Charts
    our team finished in second \place unsere Mannschaft wurde Zweiter
    to take [or esp BRIT get] first/second \place Erste(r)/Zweite(r) werden
    to take first/second \place ( fig) an erster/zweiter Stelle kommen
    their children always take first \place ihre Kinder stehen für sie immer an erster Stelle
    in second \place auf dem zweiten Platz
    13. SPORT
    to get a \place sich akk platzieren; AM Zweite(r) werden
    14. AM ( fam: somewhere)
    I know I left that book some \place ich weiß, dass ich das Buch irgendwo gelassen habe
    15.
    ▶ all over the \place (everywhere) überall; (badly organized) [völlig] chaotisch; (spread around) in alle Himmelsrichtungen zerstreut
    ▶ a \place for everything and everything in its \place ( prov) jedes Ding hat seinen Platz
    ▶ in the first \place (at first) zuerst; (at all) überhaupt
    we shouldn't have got married in the first \place! wir hätten erst gar nicht heiraten dürfen!
    but why didn't you say that in the first \place? aber warum hast du denn das nicht gleich gesagt?
    ▶ in the first/second \place (firstly, secondly) erstens/zweitens
    ▶ to give \place to sb/sth jdm/etw Platz machen
    ▶ to go \places ( fam) auf dem Weg nach oben sein
    ▶ to take \place stattfinden
    ▶ there is a \place and time for everything alles zu seiner Zeit
    ▪ to \place sth somewhere etw irgendwohin stellen; (lay) etw irgendwohin legen
    bowls of flowers had been \placed on tables auf den Tischen waren Blumenvasen aufgestellt
    the Chancellor \placed a wreath on the tomb der Kanzler legte einen Kranz auf dem Grab nieder
    she \placed her name on the list sie setzte ihren Namen auf die Liste
    he \placed his hand on my shoulder er legte mir die Hand auf die Schulter
    to \place an advertisement in the newspaper eine Anzeige in die Zeitung setzen
    to \place sth on the agenda etw auf die Tagesordnung setzen
    to \place a bet on sth auf etw akk wetten
    to \place sb under sb's care jdn in jds Obhut geben
    to \place a comma ein Komma setzen
    to \place one foot in front of the other einen Fuß vor den anderen setzen
    to \place a gun at sb's head jdn eine Pistole an den Kopf setzen
    to \place money on sth Geld auf etw akk setzen
    ▪ to be \placed shop, town liegen
    2. (impose)
    to \place an embargo on sb/sth über jdn/etw ein Embargo verhängen
    to \place a limit [or ceiling] on sth etw begrenzen
    to \place ten pounds/half a million on sth etw mit zehn Pfund/einer halben Million veranschlagen
    3. (ascribe)
    to \place the blame on sb jdm die Schuld geben
    to \place one's faith [or trust] in sb/sth sein Vertrauen in jdn/etw setzen
    to \place one's hopes on sb/sth seine Hoffnungen auf jdn/etw setzen
    to \place importance on sth auf etw akk Wert legen
    ... and she \placed the emphasis on the word ‘soon’... und die Betonung lag auf ‚schnell‘
    he \placed stress on every second syllable er betonte jede zweite Silbe
    4. (arrange for)
    to \place a call ein Telefongespräch anmelden
    to \place sth at sb's disposal jdm etw überlassen
    5. (appoint to a position)
    ▪ to \place sb/sth somewhere jdn/etw irgendwo unterbringen [o SCHWEIZ platzieren]
    to \place sb on [the] alert jdn in Alarmbereitschaft versetzen
    to \place sb under arrest jdn festnehmen
    to \place sb in charge [of sth] jdm die Leitung [von etw dat] übertragen
    to \place sb in jeopardy jdn in Gefahr bringen
    to \place sb under pressure jdn unter Druck setzen
    to \place a strain on sb/sth jdn/etw belasten
    to \place staff Personal unterbringen [o vermitteln]
    to \place sb under surveillance jdn unter Beobachtung stellen
    the town was \placed under the control of UN peacekeeping troops die Stadt wurde unter die Aufsicht der UN-Friedenstruppen gestellt
    ▪ to \place sb/sth face, person, voice, accent jdn/etw einordnen
    ▪ to \place sb/sth jdn/etw einordnen
    to be \placed SPORT sich akk platzieren; AM unter die ersten zwei kommen
    to be \placed first/second SPORT Erste(r)/Zweite(r) werden
    ▪ to \place sth above [or before] [or over] sth etw über etw akk stellen
    sb \places sth above all other things etw steht bei jdm an erster Stelle
    I'd \place him among the world's ten most brilliant scientists für mich ist er einer der zehn hervorragendsten Wissenschaftler der Welt
    they \placed the painting in the Renaissance sie ordneten das Bild der Renaissance zu
    8. ECON
    ▪ to \place sth goods etw absetzen
    to \place an order for sth etw bestellen
    to \place an order with a firm einer Firma einen Auftrag erteilen
    9. passive (good position)
    ▪ to be well \placed for sth für etw akk eine gute Ausgangsposition haben
    we're well \placed for the shops wir haben es nicht weit zum Einkaufen fam
    to be well \placed financially finanziell gut dastehen
    to be well \placed to watch sth von seinem Platz aus etw gut sehen können
    10. passive (have at disposal)
    ▪ to be well \placed for sth:
    how \placed are you for time/money? wie sieht es mit deiner Zeit/deinem Geld aus?
    SPORT sich akk platzieren; AM also (finish second) Zweite(r) werden
    * * *
    [pleɪs]
    1. NOUN
    1) general Platz m, Stelle f

    this is the place where he was born —

    bed is the best place for him — im Bett ist er am besten aufgehoben

    we found a good place to watch the procession from — wir fanden einen Platz, von dem wir den Umzug gut sehen konnten

    in the right/wrong place — an der richtigen/falschen Stelle

    some/any place — irgendwo

    a poor man with no place to go — ein armer Mann, der nicht weiß, wohin

    this is no place for you/children —

    there is no place for the unsuccessful in our society your place is by his side — für Erfolglose ist in unserer Gesellschaft kein Platz dein Platz ist an seiner Seite

    this isn't the place to discuss politics — dies ist nicht der Ort, um über Politik zu sprechen

    I can't be in two places at once! —

    she likes to have a place for everything and everything in its place — sie hält sehr auf Ordnung und achtet darauf, dass alles an seinem Platz liegt

    2) = geographical location = district Gegend f; (= country) Land nt; (= building) Gebäude nt; (= town) Ort m

    there's nothing to do in the evenings in this place —

    3) = home Haus nt, Wohnung f

    come round to my place some time — besuch mich mal, komm doch mal vorbei

    4) in book etc Stelle f

    to keep one's place — sich (dat) die richtige Stelle markieren

    to lose one's place — die Seite verblättern; (on page) die Zeile verlieren

    5) = seat, position at table, in team, school, hospital Platz m; (at university) Studienplatz m; (= job) Stelle f

    to take one's place (at table) —

    take your places for a square dance! — Aufstellung zur Quadrille, bitte!

    if I were in your place — an Ihrer Stelle, wenn ich an Ihrer Stelle wäre

    to take the place of sb/sth — jdn/etw ersetzen, jds Platz or den Platz von jdm/etw einnehmen

    6) in hierarchy Rang m, Stellung f

    to know one's place — wissen, was sich (für einen) gehört

    of course I'm not criticizing you, I know my place! (hum) — ich kritisiere dich selbstverständlich nicht, das steht mir gar nicht zu

    it's not my place to comment/tell him what to do — es steht mir nicht zu, einen Kommentar abzugeben/ihm zu sagen, was er tun soll

    that put him in his place! — das hat ihn erst mal zum Schweigen gebracht, da hab ichs/hat ers etc ihm gezeigt (inf)

    7) in exam, competition Platz m, Stelle f

    Lunt won, with Moore in second place — Lunt hat gewonnen, an zweiter Stelle or auf dem zweiten Platz lag Moore

    to win first place — Erste(r, s) sein

    to take second place to sth — einer Sache (dat) gegenüber zweitrangig sein

    to get a place —

    to back a horse for a place — auf Platz wetten, eine Platzwette abschließen

    9) in street names Platz m
    10) MATH Stelle f
    11)

    set structures __diams; place of + noun place of amusement — Vergnügungsstätte f

    place of business or work — Arbeitsstelle f __diams; in places stellenweise

    make sure the wire/screw is properly in place — achten Sie darauf, dass der Draht/die Schraube richtig sitzt

    to look out of place —

    McCormack played in goal in place of Miller — McCormack stand anstelle von Miller im Tor __diams; to fall into place Gestalt annehmen

    in the first place..., in the second place... — erstens..., zweitens...

    he's going places (fig inf) — er bringts zu was (inf) __diams; to give place to sth einer Sache (dat) Platz machen

    2. TRANSITIVE VERB
    1) = put setzen, stellen; (= lay down) legen; person at table etc setzen; guards aufstellen; shot (with gun) anbringen; (FTBL, TENNIS) platzieren; troops in Stellung bringen; announcement (in paper) inserieren (in in +dat); advertisement setzen (in in +acc)

    she slowly placed one foot in front of the other —

    he placed the cue ball right behind the black he placed a gun to my head — er setzte die Spielkugel direkt hinter die schwarze Kugel er setzte mir eine Pistole an den Kopf

    she placed a finger on her lips —

    to place confidence/trust in sb/sth — Vertrauen in jdn/etw setzen

    how are you placed for time/money? — wie sieht es mit deiner Zeit/deinem Geld aus?

    we are well placed for the shops — was Einkaufsmöglichkeiten angeht, wohnen wir günstig

    they were well placed to observe the whole battle — sie hatten einen günstigen Platz, von dem sie die ganze Schlacht verfolgen konnten

    we are well placed now to finish the job by next year —

    2) = rank stellen

    to place local interests above or before or over those of central government — kommunale Interessen über die der Zentralregierung stellen

    3) = identify context of einordnen

    in which school would you place this painting? —

    I don't know, it's very difficult to place I can't quite place him/his accent — ich weiß es nicht, es ist sehr schwer einzuordnen ich kann ihn/seinen Akzent nicht einordnen

    historians place the book in the 5th century AD — Historiker datieren das Buch auf das 5. Jahrhundert

    4) COMM goods absetzen; order erteilen (with sb jdm); contract abschließen (with sb mit jdm)

    who did you place the computer typesetting job with? —

    this is the last time we place any work with you — das ist das letzte Mal, dass wir Ihnen einen Auftrag erteilt haben

    5) money (= deposit) deponieren; (= invest) investieren
    6) phone call anmelden
    7) = find job for unterbringen (with bei)

    the agency is trying to place him with a building firm — die Agentur versucht, ihn bei einer Baufirma unterzubringen

    * * *
    place [pleıs]
    A s
    1. Ort m, Stelle f, Platz m:
    from place to place von Ort zu Ort;
    in places stellenweise;
    the goalkeeper was exactly in the right place SPORT der Torhüter stand goldrichtig;
    all over the place umg überall;
    his hair was all over the place umg er war ganz zerzaust;
    come to the wrong place an die falsche Adresse geraten;
    keep sb’s place jemandem seinen Platz frei halten ( in a queue in einer Schlange);
    lay a place for sb für jemanden decken;
    take place stattfinden;
    win a place in the semifinals SPORT ins Halbfinale einziehen, sich fürs Halbfinale qualifizieren; → safe A 1
    2. (mit adj) Stelle f:
    3. (eingenommene) Stelle:
    take sb’s place
    a) jemandes Stelle einnehmen,
    b) jemanden vertreten;
    take the place of ersetzen, an die Stelle treten von (od gen);
    in place of anstelle von (od gen);
    if I were in your place I would … ich an Ihrer Stelle würde …; wenn ich Sie wäre, würde ich …;
    put yourself in my place versetzen Sie sich (doch einmal) in meine Lage!
    4. Platz m (Raum):
    give place (to) Platz machen (für oder dat) (a. fig), nachgeben (dat)
    5. (richtiger oder ordnungsgemäßer) Platz (auch fig): in his library every book has its place hat jedes Buch seinen Platz;
    find one’s place sich zurechtfinden;
    know one’s place wissen, wohin man gehört;
    in (out of) place (nicht) am (richtigen) Platz;
    this remark was out of place diese Bemerkung war deplatziert oder unangebracht;
    feel out of place sich fehl am Platz fühlen;
    a) das oder hier ist nicht der (geeignete) Ort für,
    b) das ist nicht der richtige Zeitpunkt für;
    such people have no place in our club für solche Leute ist kein Platz in unserem Verein;
    put sth back in its place etwas (an seinen Platz) zurücklegen oder -stellen;
    put sb back in their place jemanden in die oder seine Schranken verweisen; → click1 B 4, fall into 1, slot1 C
    6. Ort m, Stätte f:
    one of the best places to eat eines der besten Restaurants oder Speiselokale;
    place of amusement Vergnügungsstätte;
    place of birth Geburtsort;
    place of interest Sehenswürdigkeit f;
    place of work Arbeitsplatz m, -stelle f;
    a) Kultstätte,
    b) Gotteshaus n;
    a) ausgehen,
    b) (umher)reisen,
    c) fig es zu etwas bringen; → assembly 1
    7. WIRTSCH Ort m, Platz m, Sitz m:
    place of business Geschäftssitz;
    place of delivery Erfüllungsort;
    place of jurisdiction Gerichtsstand m;
    place of payment Zahlungsort;
    8. Haus n, Wohnung f:
    at his place bei ihm (zu Hause);
    he came over to my place yesterday er kam gestern zu mir;
    your place or mine? umg bei dir od bei mir?
    9. Ort(schaft) m(f):
    Munich is a nice place to live in München lebt man angenehm oder lässt es sich angenehm leben; → exile A 1
    10. Gegend f:
    11. THEAT Ort m (der Handlung)
    12. umg Lokal n:
    go to a Greek place zum Griechen gehen
    13. SCHIFF Platz m, Hafen m:
    place of tran(s)shipment Umschlagplatz;
    place of call Anlaufhafen
    14. Raum m (Ggs Zeit)
    15. Stelle f (in einem Buch etc):
    lose one’s place die Seite verblättern oder verschlagen;
    I’ve lost my place auch ich weiß nicht mehr, wo (an welcher Stelle) ich war;
    the audience laughed in the right places an den richtigen Stellen
    16. MATH (Dezimal) Stelle f:
    of many places vielstellig;
    place value Stellenwert m
    17. Platz m, Stelle f (in einer Reihenfolge):
    a) an erster Stelle, erstens, zuerst, als Erst(er, e, es),
    b) in erster Linie,
    c) überhaupt (erst),
    d) ursprünglich;
    why did you do it in the first place? warum haben Sie es überhaupt getan?;
    you should not have done it in the first place Sie hätten es von vornherein bleiben lassen sollen;
    why didn’t you admit it in the first place? warum hast du es nicht gleich zugegeben?;
    in the last place an letzter Stelle, zuletzt, als letzt(er, e, es); schließlich; → second1 A 1
    18. SPORT etc Platz m:
    in third place auf dem dritten Platz;
    take third place den dritten Platz belegen; → second1 A 1
    19. (Sitz)Platz m, Sitz m:
    take your places nehmen Sie Ihre Plätze ein!
    20. a) (An)Stellung f, (Arbeits)Stelle f, Posten m:
    out of place stellenlos
    b) UNIV Studienplatz m
    21. Amt n:
    a) Dienst m:
    in place im Amt (Minister etc), im Staatsdienst
    b) fig Aufgabe f, Pflicht f:
    it is not my place to do this es ist nicht meine Aufgabe, dies zu tun
    22. (soziale) Stellung, Stand m, Rang m:
    in high places an hoher Stelle;
    persons in high places hochstehende Persönlichkeiten
    23. fig Grund m:
    there’s no place for doubt es besteht kein Grund zu zweifeln
    B v/t
    1. stellen, setzen, legen (alle auch fig):
    place together Tische etc zusammenstellen;
    place a call ein (Telefon)Gespräch anmelden;
    place a coffin einen Sarg aufbahren;
    place in order zurechtstellen, ordnen;
    place sb in a difficult place jemanden in eine schwierige Lage bringen;
    he places hono(u)r above wealth ihm ist Ehre wichtiger als Reichtum;
    place on record aufzeichnen, (schriftlich) festhalten;
    the referee was well placed SPORT der Schiedsrichter stand günstig
    2. Posten etc aufstellen:
    place o.s. sich aufstellen oder postieren
    3. I can’t place him ich weiß nicht, wo ich ihn unterbringen oder wohin ich ihn tun soll (woher ich ihn kenne)
    4. einen Wohnungssuchenden etc unterbringen ( with bei), einen Arbeitssuchenden auch vermitteln
    5. jemanden ein-, anstellen
    6. jemanden ernennen oder in ein Amt einsetzen
    7. (der Lage nach) näher bestimmen
    8. WIRTSCH
    a) eine Anleihe, Kapital unterbringen
    b) (with) Aufträge erteilen (dat), vergeben (an akk), eine Bestellung aufgeben (bei)
    c) einen Vertrag, eine Versicherung abschließen:
    place an issue eine Emission unterbringen oder platzieren
    9. Ware absetzen
    10. a) be placed SPORT sich platzieren, platziert sein, unter den ersten drei sein:
    be placed 6th sich an 6. Stelle platzieren
    b) how are you placed for money? bes Br wie sieht es bei dir finanziell aus?
    11. SPORT
    a) den Ball platzieren
    b) Rugby: ein Tor mit einem Platztritt schießen
    12. ELEK schalten:
    place in parallel parallel schalten
    C v/i SPORT US
    a) → B 10 a
    b) den zweiten Platz belegen
    pl. abk
    1. place Pl.
    3. plural Pl.
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) Ort, der; (spot) Stelle, die; Platz, der

    all over the place — überall; (coll.): (in a mess) ganz durcheinander (ugs.)

    in places — hier und da; (in parts) stellenweise

    find a place in something — (be included) in etwas (Akk.) eingehen; see also take 1. 4)

    2) (fig.): (rank, position) Stellung, die

    know one's place — wissen, was sich für einen gehört

    it's not my place to do that — es kommt mir nicht zu, das zu tun

    a [good] place to park/to stop — ein [guter] Platz zum Parken/eine [gute] Stelle zum Halten

    do you know a good/cheap place to eat? — weißt du, wo man gut/billig essen kann?

    place of residence — Wohnort, der

    place of work — Arbeitsplatz, der; Arbeitsstätte, die

    place of worship — Andachtsort, der

    4) (country, town) Ort, der

    Paris/Italy is a great place — Paris ist eine tolle Stadt/Italien ist ein tolles Land (ugs.)

    place of birth — Geburtsort, der

    go places — (coll.) herumkommen (ugs.); (fig.) es [im Leben] zu was bringen (ugs.)

    5) (coll.): (premises) Bude, die (ugs.); (hotel, restaurant, etc.) Laden, der (ugs.)

    she is at his/John's place — sie ist bei ihm/John

    [shall we go to] your place or mine? — [gehen wir] zu dir oder zu mir?

    6) (seat etc.) [Sitz]platz, der

    change places [with somebody] — [mit jemandem] die Plätze tauschen; (fig.) [mit jemandem] tauschen

    lay a/another place — ein/noch ein Gedeck auflegen

    7) (in book etc.) Stelle, die

    lose one's place — die Seite verschlagen od. verblättern; (on page) nicht mehr wissen, an welcher Stelle man ist

    8) (step, stage)

    in the first/second/third etc. place — erstens/zweitens/drittens usw.

    9) (proper place) Platz, der

    everything fell into place — (fig.) alles wurde klar

    into place — fest[nageln, -schrauben, -kleben]

    out of place — nicht am richtigen Platz; (several things) in Unordnung; (fig.) fehl am Platz

    take first/second etc. place — den ersten/zweiten usw. Platz belegen

    11) (job, position, etc.) Stelle, die; (as pupil; in team, crew) Platz, der
    2. transitive verb

    place in position — richtig hinstellen/hinlegen

    place an announcement/advertisement in a paper — eine Anzeige/ein Inserat in eine Zeitung setzen

    2) (fig.)

    place one's trust in somebody/something — sein Vertrauen auf od. in jemanden/etwas setzen

    3) in p.p. (situated) gelegen

    we are well placed for buses/shops — etc. wir haben es nicht weit zur Bushaltestelle/zum Einkaufen usw.

    how are you placed for time/money? — (coll.) wie steht's mit deiner Zeit/deinem Geld?

    4) (find situation or home for) unterbringen ( with bei)
    5) (class, identify) einordnen; einstufen

    I've seen him before but I can't place him — ich habe ihn schon einmal gesehen, aber ich weiß nicht, wo ich ihn unterbringen soll

    * * *
    n.
    Ort -e m.
    Ortschaft f.
    Platzierung f.
    Plazierung (alt.Rechtschreibung) f.
    Plazierung f.
    Stelle -n f.
    Stätte -n f. v.
    platzieren v.
    plazieren (alt.Rechtschreibung) v.

    English-german dictionary > place

  • 5 stand

    1. intransitive verb,

    stand in a line or row — sich in einer Reihe aufstellen; (be standing) in einer Reihe stehen

    we stood talking — wir standen da und unterhielten uns

    2) (have height)

    he stands six feet tall/the tree stands 30 feet high — er ist sechs Fuß groß/der Baum ist 30 Fuß hoch

    3) (be at level) [Aktien, Währung, Thermometer:] stehen (at auf + Dat.); [Fonds:] sich belaufen (at auf + Akk.); [Absatz, Export usw.:] liegen (at bei)
    4) (hold good) bestehen bleiben

    my offer/promise still stands — mein Angebot/Versprechen gilt nach wie vor

    5) (find oneself, be)

    as it stands, as things stand — wie die Dinge [jetzt] liegen

    the law as it stands — das bestehende od. gültige Recht

    I'd like to know where I stand — (fig.) ich möchte wissen, wo ich dran bin

    stand in need of something — einer Sache (Gen.) dringend bedürfen

    6) (be candidate) kandidieren ( for für)

    stand as a Liberal/Conservative — für die Liberalen/Konservativen kandidieren

    stand for Parliament — (Brit.) für einen Parlamentssitz kandidieren

    7)
    8) (place oneself) sich stellen

    stand in the way of something — (fig.) einer Sache (Dat.) im Weg stehen

    [not] stand in somebody's way — (fig.) jemandem [keine] Steine in den Weg legen

    9) (be likely)

    stand to win or gain/lose something — etwas gewinnen/verlieren können

    2. transitive verb,
    1) (set in position) stellen

    stand something on end/upside down — etwas hochkant/auf den Kopf stellen

    2) (endure) ertragen; vertragen [Klima]

    I can't stand the heat/noise — ich halte die Hitze/den Lärm nicht aus

    I cannot stand [the sight of] him/her — ich kann ihn/sie nicht ausstehen

    he can't stand the pressure/strain/stress — er ist dem Druck/den Strapazen/dem Stress nicht gewachsen

    I can't stand it any longer! — ich halte es nicht mehr aus!; see also academic.ru/75052/time">time 1. 1)

    3) (undergo) ausgesetzt sein (+ Dat.)

    stand trial [for something] — [wegen etwas] vor Gericht stehen

    4) (buy)
    3. noun
    1) (support) Ständer, der
    2) (stall; at exhibition) Stand, der
    3) (raised structure, grandstand) Tribüne, die
    4) (resistance) Widerstand, der

    take or make a stand — (fig.) klar Stellung beziehen (for/against/on für/gegen/zu)

    5) (standing place for taxi, bus, etc.) Stand, der
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    [stænd] 1. past tense, past participle - stood; verb
    1) (to be in an upright position, not sitting or lying: His leg was so painful that he could hardly stand; After the storm, few trees were left standing.) stehen
    2) ((often with up) to rise to the feet: He pushed back his chair and stood up; Some people like to stand (up) when the National Anthem is played.) (auf)stehen
    3) (to remain motionless: The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle.) stehen
    4) (to remain unchanged: This law still stands.) gelten
    5) (to be in or have a particular place: There is now a factory where our house once stood.) stehen
    6) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) liegen
    7) (to accept or offer oneself for a particular position etc: He is standing as Parliamentary candidate for our district.) bewerben
    8) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) stellen
    9) (to undergo or endure: He will stand (his) trial for murder; I can't stand her rudeness any longer.) ertragen
    10) (to pay for (a meal etc) for (a person): Let me stand you a drink!) spendieren
    2. noun
    1) (a position or place in which to stand ready to fight etc, or an act of fighting etc: The guard took up his stand at the gate; I shall make a stand for what I believe is right.) der Platz
    2) (an object, especially a piece of furniture, for holding or supporting something: a coat-stand; The sculpture had been removed from its stand for cleaning.) der Ständer
    3) (a stall where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement.) der Stand
    4) (a large structure beside a football pitch, race course etc with rows of seats for spectators: The stand was crowded.) die Tribüne
    5) ((American) a witness box in a law court.) der Zeugenstand
    •
    - take the stand
    - standing 3. noun
    1) (time of lasting: an agreement of long standing.) die Dauer
    2) (rank or reputation: a diplomat of high standing.) der Stand
    •
    4. adjective
    ((of an airline passenger or ticket) costing or paying less than the usual fare, as the passenger does not book a seat for a particular flight, but waits for the first available seat.) stand-by
    5. adverb
    (travelling in this way: It costs a lot less to travel stand-by.) stand-by
    - stand-in
    - standing-room
    - make someone's hair stand on end
    - stand aside
    - stand back
    - stand by
    - stand down
    - stand fast/firm
    - stand for
    - stand in
    - stand on one's own two feet
    - stand on one's own feet
    - stand out
    - stand over
    - stand up for
    - stand up to
    * * *
    [stænd]
    I. NOUN
    1. (physical position) Stellung f
    to take up a \stand somewhere sich akk irgendwo hinstellen
    2. (position on an issue) Einstellung f (on zu + dat), Ansicht f (on zu + dat)
    what's her \stand on sexual equality? wie steht sie zur Gleichberechtigung?
    to make a \stand against sth sich akk gegen etw akk auflehnen
    to take a \stand on sth sich akk für etw akk einsetzen
    it's her civic duty to take a \stand on civil rights es ist ihre Bürgerpflicht, die Bürgerrechte zu verteidigen
    to take a \stand with sb jdm gegenübertreten
    I had to take a firm \stand with my son and forbid him to attend that party ich musste meinem Sohn gegenüber hart bleiben und ihm verbieten, diese Party zu besuchen
    3. ( form: standstill) Stillstand m
    to bring sb/sth to a \stand jdm/etw Einhalt gebieten geh
    4. usu pl (raised seating for spectators) [Zuschauer]tribüne f
    5. (support) Ständer m
    music/revolving \stand Noten-/Drehständer m
    6. CHEM Stativ nt
    7. (stall) [Verkaufs]stand m
    candy/news \stand Süßwaren-/Zeitungsstand m
    8. (for vehicles) Stand m
    taxi \stand Taxistand m
    9. AM (series of performances) Gastspiel nt
    one-night \stand One-Night-Stand m fam
    10. AM LAW
    ▪ the \stand der Zeugenstand
    to take the \stand vor Gericht aussagen
    11. MIL (resistance) Widerstand m
    to make [or take] a \stand ( fig) klar Stellung beziehen
    12. (group of plants)
    \stand of clover Büschel nt Klee
    \stand of trees Baumgruppe f
    <stood, stood>
    1. (be upright) stehen
    \stand against the wall stell dich an die Wand
    \stand in front of the house stell dich vor das Haus
    \stand in a straight line! stellen Sie sich in einer Reihe auf!
    the team will \stand or fall by the success of their new model das Team steht und fällt mit dem Erfolg seines neuen Modells
    \stand and deliver! ( dated) Hände hoch und Geld her!
    to \stand to [or at] attention MIL stillstehen
    to \stand guard [or watch] [over sb/sth] [bei jdm/etw] Wache halten
    he felt it necessary to \stand watch over the cash box er hielt es für nötig, die Kasse im Auge zu behalten
    to \stand on one's hands/head einen Hand-/Kopfstand machen
    to \stand clear [or aside] aus dem Weg gehen, beiseitetreten
    to \stand erect [or tall] aufrecht [o gerade] stehen
    to \stand motionless regungslos dastehen
    to \stand still stillstehen
    2. + n (be a stated height) messen geh
    he \stands over seven feet er misst über sieben Fuß
    3. FOOD (remain untouched) stehen
    4. (be located) liegen
    an old hut stood by the river am Fluss stand eine alte Hütte
    the train is \standing at platform 8 der Zug steht auf Gleis 8
    to \stand in sb's way jdm im Weg stehen
    to \stand in the way of sth etw dat im Weg[e] stehen [o hinderlich sein]
    to \stand open offen stehen
    5. (have a viewpoint)
    how [or where] do you \stand on the issue of foreign policy? was ist Ihre Meinung zur Außenpolitik?
    from where she \stands it seemed reasonable to ask von ihrer Warte aus schien es vernünftig zu fragen
    6. + adj (be in a specified state) stehen
    I never know where I \stand with my boss ich weiß nie, wie ich mit meinem Chef dran bin fam
    how do you think your chances \stand of being offered the job? wie, glaubst du, stehen deine Chancen, dass man dir die Stelle anbietet?
    with the situation as it \stands right now... so wie die Sache im Moment aussieht,...
    to \stand high/low in sb's opinion bei jdm sehr [o hoch] /wenig [o schlecht] angesehen sein
    to \stand alone beispiellos [o einzigartig] sein
    to \stand aloof from sb/sth ( form) sich akk von jdm/etw distanzieren
    to \stand empty [or idle] leer stehen
    to \stand fast [or firm] standhaft sein
    \stand firm on your decision steh fest zu deinem Entschluss
    to \stand pat esp AM hart [o standfest] bleiben
    to \stand second/third an zweiter/dritter Stelle stehen
    to \stand accused of sth wegen einer S. gen unter Anklage stehen
    to \stand accused of murder des Mordes angeklagt sein
    to \stand corrected ( form) sich akk geschlagen geben fam
    I \stand corrected ich muss mich korrigieren [o gebe meinen Fehler zu]
    to \stand to gain [or win] /lose sth wahrscheinlich etw gewinnen/verlieren
    7. (separate from)
    ▪ to \stand between sb/sth zwischen jdm/etw stehen
    the handouts he got from his parents were all that stood between Dan and destitution es waren allein die Zuwendungen, die Dan von seinen Eltern erhielt, was ihn vor völliger Mittellosigkeit bewahrte
    8. (remain valid) gelten, Bestand haben
    does that still \stand? ist das noch gültig?, gilt das noch?
    his work still \stands as one of the greatest advances in medical theory seine Arbeit gilt immer noch als eine der größten Leistungen in der Medizin
    Newtonian mechanics stood for over two hundred years die Newton'sche Mechanik galt zweihundert Jahre lang unangefochten
    9. BRIT, AUS (be a candidate for office) sich akk zur Wahl stellen, kandidieren
    ▪ to \stand for sth für etw akk kandidieren
    to \stand for election sich akk zur Wahl stellen
    10.
    ▶ to \stand on one's own two feet auf eigenen Füßen stehen
    ▶ to be able to do sth \standing on one's head ( fam) etw mit links machen können fam
    ▶ to not leave one stone \standing on another keinen Stein auf dem anderen lassen
    ▶ it \stands to reason [that]... es ist logisch [o leuchtet ein], dass...
    <stood, stood>
    ▪ to \stand sth somewhere etw irgendwohin hinstellen
    she stood the yardstick upright against the wall sie stellte den Messstab gegen die Wand
    to \stand sth on its head etw auf den Kopf stellen
    2. (refuse to be moved)
    to \stand one's ground wie angewurzelt stehen bleiben; (refuse to yield) standhaft bleiben
    3. (bear)
    ▪ to \stand sth etw ertragen [o fam aushalten]
    ▪ to not [be able to] \stand sth etw nicht ertragen können
    our tent won't \stand another storm unser Zelt wird keinen weiteren Sturm überstehen
    she can't \stand anyone touching her sie kann es nicht leiden, wenn man sie anfasst
    to not be able to \stand the sight of sth den Anblick von etw dat nicht ertragen können
    to \stand the test of time die Zeit überdauern
    ▪ to \stand sb sth jdm etw ausgeben [o spendieren]
    Catherine stood us all a drink Catherine lud uns alle zu einem Drink ein
    to \stand bail for sb für jdn Kaution stellen [o Sicherheit leisten
    5. ( fam)
    to \stand a chance of doing sth gute Aussichten haben, etw zu tun
    6. LAW
    to \stand trial [for sth] sich akk vor Gericht [für etw akk] verantworten müssen
    7.
    ▶ to \stand sb in good stead jdm von Nutzen [o Vorteil] sein
    * * *
    [stnd] vb: pret, ptp stood
    1. n
    1) (= position) Platz m, Standort m; (fig) Standpunkt m, Einstellung f (on zu)

    my stand is that... — ich stehe auf dem Standpunkt, dass..., ich vertrete die Einstellung, dass...

    to take a stand (on a matter) — (zu einer Angelegenheit) eine Einstellung vertreten

    2) (MIL: resistance) Widerstand m; (= battle) Gefecht nt

    to make a stand (lit, fig) — sich widersetzen, Widerstand leisten

    that was their last stand — das war ihr letztes Gefecht

    3) (= taxi stand) Stand m
    4) (Brit THEAT) Gastspiel nt; (of pop group etc) Konzert nt
    5) (= furniture, lamp stand, music stand) Ständer m
    6) (= market stall etc) Stand m
    7) (= band stand) Podium nt
    8) (Brit SPORT) Tribüne f; (US JUR) Zeugenstand m

    (we sat) in the stand — (wir saßen) auf der Tribüne

    9) (esp US FOREST) (Baum)bestand m
    2. vt
    1) (= place) stellen → stead, head
    See:
    → stead, head
    2) (= withstand) pressure, close examination etc (= object) standhalten (+dat); (person) gewachsen sein (+dat); test bestehen; climate vertragen; heat, noise ertragen, aushalten; loss, cost verkraften
    3) (inf: put up with) person, noise, interruptions etc aushalten

    I can't stand being kept waiting —

    = treat) to stand sb a drink/a meal — jdm einen Drink/ein Essen spendieren

    5)
    3. vi
    1) (= be upright) stehen; (= get up) aufstehen

    don't just stand there(, do something)! — stehen Sie nicht nur( dumm) rum, tun Sie was! (inf)

    we stood talking —

    stand and deliver! (old, hum) — anhalten, her mit dem Zeug! (inf)

    See:
    2) (= measure person) groß sein; (tree etc) hoch sein
    3) (= be situated) stehen

    it has stood there for 600 years — es steht da schon seit 600 Jahren

    4) (= remain unchanged) stehen; (fig) bestehen (bleiben)
    5)
    See:
    → also stand for
    6) (= continue to be valid offer, argument, promise) gelten; (objection, contract) gültig bleiben; (decision, record, account) stehen
    7) (= be at a certain level thermometer, record) stehen (at auf +dat); (sales) liegen (at bei)
    8) (fig

    = be in a position) we stand to lose/gain a lot — wir können sehr viel verlieren/gewinnen

    9) (fig

    = be placed) how do we stand? — wie stehen wir?

    I'd like to know where I stand (with him) — ich möchte wissen, woran ich (bei ihm) bin

    as it stands — so wie die Sache aussieht

    10) (fig

    = be, continue to be) to stand firm or fast — festbleiben

    to stand ready —

    to stand (as) security for sb — für jdn bürgen

    11)

    to leave sb/sth standing ( Brit inf ) — jdn/etw in den Schatten stellen

    * * *
    stand [stænd]
    A s
    1. a) Stehen n
    b) Stillstand m, Halt m
    2. a) (Stand)Platz m, Standort m
    b) fig Standpunkt m:
    take a stand Stellung beziehen (on zu);
    take a common stand einen gemeinsamen Standpunkt einnehmen
    3. fig Eintreten n:
    make a stand against sich entgegenstellen oder -stemmen (dat), Front machen gegen;
    make a stand for sich einsetzen für
    4. a) (Zuschauer)Tribüne f
    b) Podium n
    5. JUR US Zeugenstand m:
    on the stand im Zeugenstand;
    a) den Zeugenstand betreten,
    b) als Zeuge aussagen
    6. WIRTSCH (Verkaufs-, Messe) Stand m
    7. Stand(platz) m (für Taxis)
    8. (Kleider-, Noten- etc) Ständer m
    9. Gestell n, Regal n
    10. a) Stativ n
    b) Stütze f
    11. (Baum)Bestand m
    12. AGR Stand m (des Getreides etc), (zu erwartende) Ernte:
    stand of wheat stehender Weizen
    13. THEAT Gastspiel(ort) n(m): → one-night stand
    14. auch stand of arms MIL (vollständige) Ausrüstung (eines Soldaten)
    B v/i prät und pperf stood [stʊd]
    1. a) allg stehen:
    as there were no seats left, we had to stand;
    …, (as) sure ( oder true) as I’m standing here …, so wahr ich hier stehe!;
    don’t just stand there, help me! steh nicht herum, hilf mir!;
    stand alone allein (da)stehen ( with mit einer Ansicht etc); unerreicht dastehen oder da sein;
    stand fast ( oder firm) festbleiben, hart bleiben ( beide:
    on in dat)( → B 4);
    stand or fall by stehen und fallen mit;
    stand gasping keuchend dastehen;
    stand on one’s head
    a) einen Kopfstand machen, kopfstehen,
    b) fig (vor Freude etc) kopfstehen;
    I could do this standing on my head umg das könnte ich mit links oder stehend freihändig machen;
    stand on one’s hands einen Handstand machen;
    stand to lose (to win) (mit Sicherheit) verlieren (gewinnen);
    how are things standing? wie stehen die Dinge?;
    how do we stand in comparision to …? wie stehen wir im Vergleich zu …?;
    as matters ( oder things) stand nach Lage der Dinge, so wie die Dinge stehen;
    I want to know where ( oder how) I stand ich will wissen, woran ich bin;
    you always know where ( oder how) you stand with him man weiß immer, wie man mit ihm dran ist;
    the wind stands in the west der Wind weht von Westen;
    stand well with sb mit jemandem gut stehen, sich mit jemandem gut stellen;
    leave sb (sth) standing Br umg jemanden (etwas) in den Schatten stellen; → attention 4, foot A 1, leg Bes Redew
    c) aufstehen
    2. stehen, liegen, sich befinden, sein (Sache): → empty A 2, idle A 5
    3. sein:
    4. a) auch stand still stillstehen:
    stand! halt!;
    stand fast! MIL Br stillgestanden!, US Abteilung halt! ( → B 1);
    stand still for US → C 7
    b) stand and deliver! HIST (Kutschenüberfall) halt, alles Geld her!
    5. bleiben:
    and so it stands und dabei bleibt es
    6. sich stellen, treten:
    stand clear zurücktreten (of von);
    stand clear of auch den Eingang etc frei machen;
    stand on the defensive sich verteidigen;
    stand on the offensive zum Angriff antreten; → stand back 1
    7. stand six feet sechs Fuß groß sein (Person), sechs Fuß hoch sein (Mauer etc)
    8. sich behaupten, bestehen ( beide:
    against gegen):
    stand through sth etwas überstehen oder -dauern
    9. fig festbleiben
    10. (weiterhin) gelten:
    my offer stands mein Angebot gilt nach wie vor oder bleibt bestehen;
    let sth stand etwas gelten oder bestehen bleiben lassen
    11. SCHIFF (auf einem Kurs) liegen oder sein, steuern, halten
    12. JAGD vorstehen ([ up]on dat) (Hund)
    C v/t
    1. stellen (on auf akk):
    stand a plane on its nose FLUG einen Kopfstand machen;
    stand sth on its head fig etwas auf den Kopf stellen
    2. standhalten (dat), aushalten:
    he can’t stand the climate er kann das Klima nicht (v)ertragen;
    I couldn’t stand the pain ich konnte den Schmerz nicht aushalten oder ertragen;
    she couldn’t stand the pressure sie war dem Druck nicht gewachsen;
    I can’t stand him ich kann ihn nicht ausstehen oder leiden;
    I can’t stand being told ( oder people telling me) what to do ich kann es nicht ausstehen oder leiden, wenn man mir Vorschriften macht; → heat A 1 a, racket2 A 4, sight A 2
    3. sich etwas gefallen lassen, dulden, ertragen:
    I won’t stand that any longer das lasse ich mir nicht länger bieten
    4. sich einer Sache unterziehen: → trial A 2
    5. bestehen: → test1 A 2
    6. a) Pate stehen
    b) Bürgschaft etc leisten: → security 5, sponsor A 2, surety 1
    c) Wache stehen: → guard C 3
    7. umg
    a) aufkommen für
    b) (jemandem) ein Essen etc spendieren:
    stand a drink einen ausgeben oder spendieren;
    stand a round eine Runde schmeißen; → treat C 3
    8. eine Chance haben
    * * *
    1. intransitive verb,

    stand in a line or row — sich in einer Reihe aufstellen; (be standing) in einer Reihe stehen

    he stands six feet tall/the tree stands 30 feet high — er ist sechs Fuß groß/der Baum ist 30 Fuß hoch

    3) (be at level) [Aktien, Währung, Thermometer:] stehen (at auf + Dat.); [Fonds:] sich belaufen (at auf + Akk.); [Absatz, Export usw.:] liegen (at bei)
    4) (hold good) bestehen bleiben

    my offer/promise still stands — mein Angebot/Versprechen gilt nach wie vor

    5) (find oneself, be)

    as it stands, as things stand — wie die Dinge [jetzt] liegen

    the law as it stands — das bestehende od. gültige Recht

    I'd like to know where I stand — (fig.) ich möchte wissen, wo ich dran bin

    stand in need of something — einer Sache (Gen.) dringend bedürfen

    6) (be candidate) kandidieren ( for für)

    stand as a Liberal/Conservative — für die Liberalen/Konservativen kandidieren

    stand for Parliament — (Brit.) für einen Parlamentssitz kandidieren

    7)
    8) (place oneself) sich stellen

    stand in the way of something — (fig.) einer Sache (Dat.) im Weg stehen

    [not] stand in somebody's way — (fig.) jemandem [keine] Steine in den Weg legen

    stand to win or gain/lose something — etwas gewinnen/verlieren können

    2. transitive verb,

    stand something on end/upside down — etwas hochkant/auf den Kopf stellen

    2) (endure) ertragen; vertragen [Klima]

    I can't stand the heat/noise — ich halte die Hitze/den Lärm nicht aus

    I cannot stand [the sight of] him/her — ich kann ihn/sie nicht ausstehen

    he can't stand the pressure/strain/stress — er ist dem Druck/den Strapazen/dem Stress nicht gewachsen

    I can't stand it any longer! — ich halte es nicht mehr aus!; see also time 1. 1)

    3) (undergo) ausgesetzt sein (+ Dat.)

    stand trial [for something] — [wegen etwas] vor Gericht stehen

    3. noun
    1) (support) Ständer, der
    2) (stall; at exhibition) Stand, der
    3) (raised structure, grandstand) Tribüne, die
    4) (resistance) Widerstand, der

    take or make a stand — (fig.) klar Stellung beziehen (for/against/on für/gegen/zu)

    5) (standing place for taxi, bus, etc.) Stand, der
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    (microphone) n.
    Stativ -e n. n.
    Gestell -e n.
    Stand ¨-e m.
    Ständer - m. (one's) trial expr.
    sich vor Gericht verantworten ausdr. (up) for expr.
    eintreten für ausdr. (to tolerate) v.
    ertragen prät. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: stood)
    = andauern v.
    stehen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: stand, gestanden)

    English-german dictionary > stand

  • 6 throw

    Ɵrəu 1. past tense - threw; verb
    1) (to send through the air with force; to hurl or fling: He threw the ball to her / threw her the ball.)
    2) ((of a horse) to make its rider fall off: My horse threw me.)
    3) (to puzzle or confuse: He was completely thrown by her question.)
    4) ((in wrestling, judo etc) to wrestle (one's opponent) to the ground.)
    2. noun
    (an act of throwing: That was a good throw!) kast
    - throw doubt on
    - throw in
    - throw light on
    - throw oneself into
    - throw off
    - throw open
    - throw out
    - throw a party
    - throw up
    - throw one's voice
    - throwaway
    hive
    --------
    kast
    --------
    kaste
    --------
    slenge
    --------
    slynge
    I
    subst. \/θrəʊ\/
    1) kast (også i bryting)
    2) ( fiske) utsetting (av garn), kast, utkasting
    3) terningkast
    4) ( geologi) loddrett forskyvning, forkastning, sprang
    5) ( mekanikk) slaglengde, stempelslag
    6) ( mekanikk) veivaksel, veivtapp
    7) dreiebenk
    8) pottemakerhjul, pottemakerskive
    9) (amer.) pledd, kast, sjal, (senge)teppe
    10) (amer., hverdagslig) vågestykke, sjanse
    a stone's throw from et steinkast fra
    a throw (amer., slang) per stykk, stykket
    stake everything on one throw sette alt på ett kort
    throw of the dice terningkast
    throw of crankshaft veivstangslag
    II
    verb ( threw - thrown) \/θrəʊ\/
    1) kaste, kaste med, hive, slenge
    • don't throw stones here!
    2) (i bryting, judo e.l.) kaste over ende, velte
    3) ( om hest) kaste av
    4) ( om fiske) kaste (ut) (not, sluk, garn e.l.)
    5) ( i terningspill) slå, kaste, kaste terning
    6) ( om kortspill) kaste, hive
    7) kaste av seg, gi, yte
    8) skyte ut, sende ut
    9) ( om tilstand) bringe, hensette, gjøre
    10) sprute (ut)
    11) ( om dyr) kaste, føde
    kua kastet\/fødte en kalv
    12) sette, stille, legge, plassere
    13) kaste inn, sette inn
    14) flytte til, forflytte, overflytte
    15) bygge, slå
    16) (om fjær, hår, hud e.l.) felle, kaste
    17) (om garn, fiber e.l.) sno, tvinne
    18) (om keramikk, tre e.l.) dreie, forme, lage
    19) ( mekanikk) koble inn\/til, slå til
    20) (hverdagslig, i konkurranse eller sport) gi opp, gi bort, tape med hensikt
    21) ( hverdagslig) arrangere, holde
    22) ( hverdagslig) gjøre forvirret, gjøre paff, bringe ut av fatning, få ut av fatning
    be thrown against someone støte sammen med noen
    be thrown by something bli forundret\/forbauset over noe
    be thrown idle bli arbeidsløs, rammes av driftsstans, miste jobben
    throw about kaste\/slenge omkring ( sjøfart) gå over stag
    throw a fit bli rasende
    throw a match fikse en kamp
    throw aside kaste vekk, legge vekk overgi, svike
    throw away hive, kaste (bort), slenge vekk, vrake, kvitte seg med ( overført) kaste\/skusle\/søle bort, spille
    ( teater) gli over (en replikk)
    throw back kaste tilbake
    ( om lys e.l.) kaste tilbake, reflektere, gjenspeile holde tilbake, holde igjen, sette tilbake, hindre, forsinke
    ( arvelære) ha atavistiske trekk, vise tegn på atavisme (vise tilbakeslag i utviklingen)
    throw back to gå tilbake til, stamme fra
    throw by kassere, legge av\/vekk
    throw cold water on someone ( overført) slå kaldt vann i blodet på noen
    throw down kaste ned
    kaste overende, ødelegge, rive
    kullkaste, styrte, velte
    ( kjemi) felle (ut) forkaste, vrake
    • how could you throw down my offer?
    throw down one's tools gå til streik
    throw in kaste inn legge inn, skyte inn, tilføye
    la følge med på kjøpet
    ( fotball) ta innkast ( slang) slenge seg med, bli\/være med
    • can I throw in?
    begynne kampen, ta opp kampen sette i gir
    throw into gear sette i gir, koble på\/til, starte
    throw off kaste av\/bort kaste av seg
    bli av med, bli kvitt, riste av seg
    villede
    riste ut av ermet, improvisere, komme opp med
    avgi, utsondre, utskille
    • why does it throw off this strong smell?
    ( jakt) slippe løs
    ( jakt) begynne jakten ( overført) sette i gang, begynne ( boktrykking) legge ut, lage (et) avtrykk av
    throw oneself at someone kaste seg i armene på noen, legge an på noen
    throw oneself into kaste seg over, gå opp i
    throw oneself into something kaste seg inn i noe, gi seg i kast med noe
    throw oneself (up)on someone kaste seg over noen
    throw on something eller throw something on kaste på seg noe
    throw open kaste opp, rive opp, slå opp, rykke opp
    åpne (for publikum), gjøre tilgjengelig
    throw out kaste\/hive ut, sette på dør kjøre ut, kjøre bort sende\/stråle ut, utstråle
    ( militærvesen) sende ut (patruljer)
    kaste frem, komme med
    antyde, foreslå
    bygge (til)
    forkaste
    fremheve, gi relieff til distrahere, forvirre, bringe ut av fatning, forrykke
    ( sport) distansere, slå ut
    throw out of gear koble fra\/ut ( overført) bringe i ulage, sette ut av spill
    throw out the clutch koble fra, slippe clutchen
    throw over avvise, forlate, oppgi, velte, kaste over bord
    gjøre slutt med, slå opp med, gi på båten, ikke ville vite av
    throw somebody into something kaste noen inn\/opp i noe
    ( overført) hensette noen i noe, gjøre noen noe
    throw somebody out kaste noen ut ødelegge for noen, få noen ut av noe
    det kullkastet mine beregninger \/ det førte til at jeg regnet feil
    throw somebody out of work gjøre noen arbeidsløs
    throw something at someone kaste noe på noen
    throw something into someone's face kaste\/slenge noe i ansiktet på noen
    • did you have to throw the truth in her face like that?
    throw the baby out\/away with the bathwater kaste barnet ut med badevannet (forkaste noe viktig samtidig som man forkaster noe uviktig)
    throw to ( om dør e.l.) slenge\/smekke\/smelle igjen
    throw together smøre\/rote sammen
    føre sammen
    (amer.) slå seg sammen
    throw up kaste\/slenge\/hive opp
    kaste opp, spy løfte, heve
    bygge i en fart, sette opp i en fei, smekke opp\/sammen
    fremheve
    gi opp, slutte, avstå fra
    få frem, produsere
    throw up one's cards gi opp (spillet), gi tapt
    throw up something against someone eller throw up something at\/to someone ( hverdagslig) håne noen for noe
    throw up the game gi opp (spillet), gi tapt
    throw up the sponge\/towel ( overført) kaste inn håndkleet

    English-Norwegian dictionary > throw

  • 7 Vieira, Father António de

    (1608-1697)
       A talented and influential individual, and one of the greatest speakers and prose writers of early modern Portugal, Vieira was a Jesuit priest, writer, missionary, advisor to kings, and diplomatic negotiator. At age eight, he went to Brazil and was educated there in a Jesuit College. Like Francisco Manuel de Melo, his Jesuit-educated contemporary, Vieira participated in the great crises and conflicts of his day, including the ongoing war between the Inquisition and Portugal's New Christians, the loss and partial recovery of parts of Portugal's still extensive overseas empire, the rise to the Portuguese throne of the Braganza dynasty, the restoration of Portugal's independence from Spain in 1640, and the subsequent struggle to retain that independence under adverse circumstances.
       One of Father Vieira's major efforts was his campaign to have the Portuguese Inquisition relax its policy of confiscation of New Christian capital and property and to convince converted Jews in Portugal and Portuguese Jews in exile to provide capital in Portugal's efforts to reinforce its defenses against many threatened Spanish invasions during 1640-68, when Spain finally officially recognized Portugal's independence in a treaty. Such monies were also employed in defending Portugal's overseas empire and helping to drive out enemies who had occupied portions of Portugal's dominions abroad.
       Father Vieira spent a large part of his career in Brazil as a Jesuit missionary and administrator and was famous for defending the freedom and rights of Amerindians against settlers. A great sermonizer who possessed a strong messianic belief and grounding in the prophecies of the Old Testament, Vieira became an influential advisor to the Portuguese kings, as well as a diplomat assigned important tasks abroad. Vieira preached sermons in which he proclaimed that the awaited messiah who would restore Portugal to world power status in the future was not King Sebastião I, who died in 1578 in battle against the Muslims in Morocco, but King João IV, an assertion that lost some credibility following the king's death in 1656.
       Among Father Vieira's prolific writings, his most noted are his collected sermons in 15 volumes, Letras, his História do Futuro, and his famous defense against accusations when on trial before the Portuguese Inquisition, the Defesa perante o Tribunal do Santo Ofício.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Vieira, Father António de

  • 8 blow

    ̈ɪbləu I сущ.
    1) удар at a blow, at one blow, with one blow ≈ одним ударом;
    перен. сразу a blow on/to the head ≈ удар по голове without striking a blow ≈ без борьбы The boxer took several blows to the head. ≈ Боксер получил несколько ударов по голове. He took a blow to the chin. ≈ Он получил удар по челюсти. to rain indiscriminate blows on smb. ≈ обрушивать на кого-л. град беспорядочных ударов to reel under crushing blows ≈ зашататься/дрогнуть от сокрушительных ударов body blow ≈ удар по корпусу crushing, hard, heavy, powerful, resounding, severe, staggering blow ≈ сильный удар, сокрушающий удар decisive blow ≈ решающий удар fatal, mortal blow ≈ смертельный удар glancing, light blow ≈ скользящий удар indiscriminate blows ≈ беспорядочные удары an exchange of blows ≈ обмен ударами;
    перен. обмен "уколами" (колкостями в адрес друг друга) to deal a blow, strike a blow, deliver a blow ≈ наносить удар to aim a blow ≈ (at) замахнуться на to strike a blow for ≈ помогать to strike a blow against ≈ противодействовать to heap blows on, rain blows on ≈ заваливать( кого-л.) ударами to cushion a blow ≈ смягчать удар to deflect blow, parry blow, ward off blow ≈ отражать, парировать удар to dodge a blow ≈ избегать удара, уклоняться, увертываться от удара Syn: box, knock
    1., punch II
    1., stroke
    1.
    2) конфликт, столкновение to come to blows, fall to blows, go to blows, exchange blows ≈ приходить в столкновение;
    вступить в драку;
    дойти до рукопашной Syn: combat
    1.
    3) несчастье, удар Failure to land the job came as a blow. ≈ Неудача с получением работы оказалась настоящим несчастьем. His death will be a terrible blow. ≈ Его смерть будет страшным ударом. Syn: calamity II
    1. сущ.
    1) а) дуновение, порыв ветра to get a blow ≈ подышать свежим воздухом Syn: waft
    1., whiff I
    1., blast
    1. б) звук музыкального инструмента;
    встреча с целью музицирования The musicians might come together now and again for a blow, but it's finished as a regular aggregation. ≈ Музыканты могут изредка собираться, чтобы поиграть вместе, но единым оркестром они уже не выступают. в) звук при сморкании
    2) а) хвастовство Syn: boasting, bragging, brag, vaunt
    1. б) амер.;
    диал. хвастун Syn: boaster I
    3) тех. дутье;
    бессемерование
    4) кладка яиц( мухами или другими насекомыми)
    5) сл. кокаин Syn: cocaine
    2. гл.;
    прош. вр. - blew, прич. прош. вр. - blown
    1) веять, дуть( о ветре) to blow great guns ≈ реветь, выть( о буре) blow open
    2) а) пыхтеть, тяжело дышать The horse blew heavily. ≈ Лошадь тяжело дышала. Syn: puff
    2., pant
    1., gasp
    2. б) загнать( обыкн. о лошади)
    3) пускать, выбрасывать фонтан( о ките)
    4) разг. а) хвастать Syn: boast I
    2., brag
    2. б) горячиться, бушевать Syn: fume
    2., storm
    2.
    5) а) выдыхать He blew a whiff from his pipe. ≈ Он выпустил дымок из трубки. She blew him a kiss. ≈ Она послала ему воздушный поцелуй. б) курить to blow a cloud ≈ курить трубку в) сл. транжирить, выкидывать на ветер (деньги) He blew $50 on lunch. ≈ Он выкинул 50 баксов на завтрак. Syn: squander
    2. г) сл. продуть, проиграть;
    упустить (возможность, шанс) ;
    напортить He blew his chance. ≈ Он упустил свой шанс. Syn: ruin
    2., spoil
    2.
    6) а) гнать;
    развевать( о ветре, о струе воздуха) б) быть гонимым (ветром) ;
    развеваться;
    амер.;
    разг. носиться (как бы подгоняемый ветром) в) амер.;
    сл. поспешно уходить, убегать
    7) а) играть( на духовом инструменте) ;
    свистеть в свисток б) играть мелодию и т. п.( на духовом инструменте) в) давать сигнал( подъема, тревоги и т. п. с помощью трубы, горна и т. п.) г) амер.;
    разг. исполнять джазовые произведения Dave Milton is a school librarian who also blows jazz tenor with the New Jazz Orchestra. ≈ Дейв Милтон работает школьным библиотекарем и кроме того играет джазовые теноровые партии в Новом джаз-оркестре.
    8) а) издавать звук, звучать( о духовом инструменте) ;
    гудеть, свистеть ( о гудке, свистке) б) звучать (о звуке, мелодии) Let the mournful martial music blow. ≈ Пусть звучит похоронная военная музыка. Syn: sound I
    2.
    9) дуть на что-л., чтобы высушить, согреть или охладить The winter was cold and he blew his fingers. ≈ Зима была холодной, и он дул на пальцы, чтобы согреть их.
    10) раздувать (огонь, мехи)
    11) а) перегорать( о предохранителях) б) пережигать( предохранители)
    12) продувать, прочищать, очищать с помощью воздуха (от слизи и т. п.) to blow eggs ≈ продувать яйца to blow gas (water) pipes ≈ прочищать газовые (водяные) трубы to blow one's nose ≈ сморкаться
    13) выдувать to blow bubbles ≈ пускать мыльные пузыри to blow glass ≈ выдувать стекло
    14) взрывать( обыкн. blow up) to blow open ≈ взрывать, взламывать( с помощью взрывчатки) to blow open a safe ≈ взломать сейф That was a good aim;
    the target has been blown to pieces. ≈ Прицел был точен - мишень разнесло в щепки. Then the bomb went off, and two of our officers were blown to glory. ≈ А затем бомба взорвалась, и двоих наших офицеров разнесло в клочья. to blow ( a person's) mind ≈ вызывать галлюцинации с помощью наркотиков, особ. ЛСД;
    вызывать приятные или неприятные ощущения to blow something to stoms, blow something to bits, blow something to places, blow something to smithereens ≈ разрывать что-л. на куски при взрыве, разносить в щепки, разносить в клочья to blow someone to blazes, blow someone to glory, blow someone to kingdom ≈ взрывать кого-л., разносить кого-л. в клочья to blow one's top ≈ взорваться( от гнева и т. п.)
    15) сл. осведомлять, доносить;
    распространять( слухи и т. п.) to blow the gab, to blow the gaff ≈ выдавать секрет, проболтаться They're anxious you should take no risk of being blown. ≈ Они озабочены тем, что есть риск, что вас выдадут. If Mr. Morell has blown - has told the story of Taffany's, every boat will be watched. ≈ Если мистер Морелл раструбил всем историю Тэффани, за каждой лодкой будет установлено наблюдение.
    16) откладывать яйца (о мухах или других насекомых)
    17) прич. прош. вр. ≈ blowed;
    груб. проклинать I'm absolutely blowed if I know what to do. ≈ Будь я проклят, если я знаю, что делать. blow! ≈ проклятье!
    18) амер.;
    сл. приглашать Tell Dad, we want to blow him to a good meal. ≈ Скажи отцу, что мы хотим пригласить его пообедать.
    19) сл.;
    груб. заниматься оральным сексом ∙ blow about blow around blow away blow the cobwebs away blow back blow down blow in blow into blow off blow off steam blow on blow out blow over blow round blow up blow upon to blow out one's brains ≈ пустить пулю в лоб blow high, blow low ≈ что бы ни случилось to blow hot and cold ≈ колебаться, постоянно менять точку зрения blow me down blow the whistle on III
    1. сущ.
    1) цвет, цветение;
    время цветения;
    перен. расцвет in blow ≈ в цвету in full blow ≈ в полном расцвете She is not out of blow yet. ≈ Она все еще в расцвете. Syn: flowering
    1., florescence, bloom I
    1.
    2) яркое проявление( чего-л.) It exhibits no rich blow of colour. ≈ В ней не видно ярких цветов.
    2. гл.;
    прош. вр. - blew, прич. прош. вр. - blown
    1) цвести Syn: flower
    2., bloom I
    2., blossom
    2.
    2) расцветать Syn: flourish
    2., bloom I
    2., flower
    2.,
    удар;
    - retaliatory * ответный удар;
    возмездие;
    - illegal * (спортивное) запрещенный удар;
    - at a * одним ударом;
    сразу;
    - to administer a * наносить удар;
    причинять вред;
    - to come to *s вступить в драку, дойти до рукопашной;
    - to exchange *s драться;
    - to rain *s upon smb. осыпать кого-л градом ударов - to strike a * for помогать;
    - to strike a * against противодействовать;
    - to aim a * at smb's authority подрывать чей-л авторитет;
    - without striking a * без усилий несчастье, удар судьбы;
    - it came as a crushing * to us для нас это был страшный удар (горное) горный удар;
    обрушение кровли > the first * is half the battle (пословица) хорошее начало полдела откачало;
    лиха беда начало дуновение;
    порыв ветра;
    - to get oneself a * подышать свежим воздухом звук духового инструмента звук при сморкании фонтан кита( разговорное) хвастовство (разговорное) хвастун продувка бессемерование (геология) выход рудной жилы на дневную поверхность (сленг) (военное) передышка( сленг) отдых, перерыв, чтобы перекусить;
    перекур надувать - to * one's cheeks надуть щеки кладка яиц мухами (сленг) кокаин дуть, веять (о ветре) - it was *ing hard дул сильный ветер;
    - it is *ing a gale будет буря гнать (ветром) ;
    развевать;
    - the wind blew the tent over ветер перевернул палатку;
    - many trees were *n down ветер свалил много деревьев;
    - a lot of dust was *n in нанесло /нагнало/ много пыли нестись, быть гонимым ветром (часто * away) - to * away an obstacle( военное) снести препятствие артиллерийским огнем играть (на инструменте) ;
    дуть (в свисток) ;
    издавать звук (о духовом инструменте) ;
    свистеть (о сирене, свистке и т. п.) - stop work when the whistle *s прекратите работу по свистку дуть на что-л, студить;
    - to * on one's coffee (по) дуть на горячий кофе согревать, сушить или охлаждать дыханием;
    - to * on one's fingers дуть на застывшие пальцы раздувать (огонь, мехи) выдувать (стеклянные изделия и т.д.) ;
    - * glass выдувать стекло;
    - * bottles выдувать бутылки;
    - * bubbles пускать пузыри продувать, прочищать;
    - to have the pipes *n прочистить трубы очищать от содержимого( воздухом или газом) - to * an egg выпить яйцо (через дырочку) - * your nose well хорошенько высморкайся взрывать;
    - they blew the door in and entered они взорвали дверь и вошли внутрь;
    - the gates were *n up with dynamit ворота были взорваны динамитом взрываться;
    - the gun blew (up) орудие взорвалось лопаться( о вакуумной трубке, камере, покрышке и т. п.) ;
    разорваться от внутреннего давления;
    - this tin has *n эта консервная банка вздулась пыхтеть;
    тяжело дышать;
    - the old man was puffing and *ing старик пыхтел и отдувался загнать (лошадь) перегорать (о предохранителях) пережигать( предохранители) ;
    - he's *n the fuse (out) он пережег пробки распространять (новости, слухи) ;
    - the rumour has widely *n about, that... широко распространился слух, что... бушевать, разражаться гневом разоблачать;
    - the spy's cover was *n шпиона разоблачили (разговорное) хвастаться транжирить;
    - he blew his last money on a show он потратил свои последние деньги на театр( разговорное) угощать;
    - he blew me to a dinner он угостил меня обедом (сленг) уходить, удирать( сленг) проиграть;
    проворонить( сленг) ликвидировать;
    похерить (разговорное) хандрить (театроведение) (жаргон) забыть текст, реплику ( сленг) мастерски делать что-л;
    - he *s great conversation он мастер на разговоры, он любит много говорить( эвфмеизм) ругать, проклинать;
    - * it! черт возьми! - I'm *ed if I know провалиться мне на этом месте, если я знаю класть яйца( о мухах) выпускать фонтан (о ките) (разговорное) курить или вдыхать наркотик (устаревшее) разжигать( страсти) (американизм) (сленг) заниматься минетом, феллацио подавать дутье( техническое) парить( о сальнике, фланце) - to blow smth. to some state приводить что-л в какое-л состояние;
    - to * shut захлопнуть;
    - the wind blew the door shut дверь захлопнуло ветром;
    - to * open распахивать;
    распахиваться;
    - when the door blew open the crowd rushed in когда дверь распахнулась, толпа бросилась внутрь;
    - to * to pieces разбить вдребезги;
    разорвать на куски;
    - to * one's hair dry высушить волосы феном > to * one's brains пустить пулю в лоб;
    > to * a kiss послать воздушный поцелуй;
    > to * hopes sky-high разбить надежды в прах;
    > to * sky-high сильно выбранить, выругать;
    > to * one's own horn хвастаться;
    > to * great guns дуть, бушевать (о буре) ;
    > to * hot and cold постоянно менять свои взгляды;
    > * high, * low что бы ни случилось;
    > to * one's cool потерять самообладание, выйти из себя;
    > to * smb. mind волновать, возбуждать;
    захватить врасплох, поставить в тупик;
    испытывать наркотическое возбуждение, быть в трансе > to * the whistle on smth. положить конец чему-л;
    > it's about time someone blew the whistle on his dishonest practices пора прекратить его бесчестные махинации;
    > to * the lid off smth. (американизм) (разговорное) разоблачить, обнародовать что-л, > to * the cobwebs away проветрить мозги;
    > to * a fuse (американизм) (сленг) раздражаться;
    взрываться от гнева;
    > to * smb.'s head off изругать кого-л;
    > you'll get your head *n off не сносить тебе головы цвет, цветение расцвет цвести;
    расцветать
    to deal (или to strike, to deliver) a ~ наносить удар;
    to aim a blow (at) замахнуться
    ~ удар;
    at a blow, at one blow одним ударом;
    сразу;
    to come to blows вступить в бой, в драку, дойти до рукопашной
    ~ удар;
    at a blow, at one blow одним ударом;
    сразу;
    to come to blows вступить в бой, в драку, дойти до рукопашной
    blow взрывать (обыкн. blow up) ;
    to blow open взрывать, взламывать (с помощью взрывчатки) ;
    to blow open a safe взломать сейф ~ дуновение;
    to get a blow подышать свежим воздухом ~ (blew;
    blown) дуть, веять ~ тех. дутье;
    бессемерование ~ звучать (о трубе) ~ играть (на духовом инструменте) ~ кладка яиц (мухами) ~ класть яйца (о мухах) ~ несчастье, удар (судьбы) ~ вчт. программировать ППЗУ ~ (р. p. blowed) разг. проклинать;
    I'll be blowed if I know провалиться мне на месте, если я знаю;
    blow about, blow abroad распространять (слух, известие) ~ пыхтеть, тяжело дышать ~ развевать;
    гнать (о ветре) ~ раздувать (огонь, мехи;
    тж. перен.) ;
    выдувать (стеклянные изделия) ;
    продувать (трубку и т. п.) ;
    пускать (пузыри) ;
    to blow bubbles пускать мыльные пузыри;
    to blow one's nose сморкаться ~ свистеть, гудеть ~ транжирить (деньги;
    тж. blow off) ;
    расщедриться ~ удар;
    at a blow, at one blow одним ударом;
    сразу;
    to come to blows вступить в бой, в драку, дойти до рукопашной ~ разг. хвастать ~ хвастовство ~ (blew;
    blown) цвести ~ цвет, цветение
    ~ (р. p. blowed) разг. проклинать;
    I'll be blowed if I know провалиться мне на месте, если я знаю;
    blow about, blow abroad распространять (слух, известие)
    ~ (р. p. blowed) разг. проклинать;
    I'll be blowed if I know провалиться мне на месте, если я знаю;
    blow about, blow abroad распространять (слух, известие)
    ~ раздувать (огонь, мехи;
    тж. перен.) ;
    выдувать (стеклянные изделия) ;
    продувать (трубку и т. п.) ;
    пускать (пузыри) ;
    to blow bubbles пускать мыльные пузыри;
    to blow one's nose сморкаться
    to ~ out one's brains пустить пулю в лоб;
    blow high, blow low что бы ни случилось, во что бы то ни стало
    to ~ hot and cold колебаться, постоянно менять точку зрения
    to ~ out one's brains пустить пулю в лоб;
    blow high, blow low что бы ни случилось, во что бы то ни стало
    ~ off тех. продувать;
    to blow off steam выпустить пар;
    перен. дать выход избытку энергии;
    разрядиться ~ off разг. мотать, транжирить ( деньги)
    ~ off тех. продувать;
    to blow off steam выпустить пар;
    перен. дать выход избытку энергии;
    разрядиться
    ~ раздувать (огонь, мехи;
    тж. перен.) ;
    выдувать (стеклянные изделия) ;
    продувать (трубку и т. п.) ;
    пускать (пузыри) ;
    to blow bubbles пускать мыльные пузыри;
    to blow one's nose сморкаться nose: ~ нос;
    to blow one's nose сморкаться;
    to speak through one's (или the) nose гнусавить;
    говорить в нос
    blow взрывать (обыкн. blow up) ;
    to blow open взрывать, взламывать (с помощью взрывчатки) ;
    to blow open a safe взломать сейф
    blow взрывать (обыкн. blow up) ;
    to blow open взрывать, взламывать (с помощью взрывчатки) ;
    to blow open a safe взломать сейф
    to ~ out one's brains пустить пулю в лоб;
    blow high, blow low что бы ни случилось, во что бы то ни стало
    to ~ the gaff (или the gab) sl. выдать секрет;
    проболтаться gaff: ~ разг. ерунда, вздор;
    to blow the gaff проболтаться
    ~ up разг. бранить, ругать ~ up взлетать на воздух( при взрыве) ~ up взрывать;
    to blow up the hell перевернуть все вверх дном ~ up разг. выходить из себя ~ up раздувать ~ up разрушать ~ up фото увеличивать
    ~ up взрывать;
    to blow up the hell перевернуть все вверх дном
    ~ upon лишать свежести, интереса ~ upon наговаривать;
    доносить ~ upon ронять во мнении
    ~ удар;
    at a blow, at one blow одним ударом;
    сразу;
    to come to blows вступить в бой, в драку, дойти до рукопашной
    to deal (или to strike, to deliver) a ~ наносить удар;
    to aim a blow (at) замахнуться
    ~ дуновение;
    to get a blow подышать свежим воздухом
    ~ (р. p. blowed) разг. проклинать;
    I'll be blowed if I know провалиться мне на месте, если я знаю;
    blow about, blow abroad распространять (слух, известие)
    to strike a ~ for помогать;
    to strike a blow against противодействовать
    to strike a ~ for помогать;
    to strike a blow against противодействовать

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > blow

  • 9 sharp

    ʃɑ:p
    1. прил.
    1) острый;
    остроконечный, отточенный Syn: keen
    2) сообразительный, наблюдательный, острый, проницательный( об интеллектуальных способностях человека) Syn: quick-witted
    3) а) определенный, отчетливый( о различии, очертании и т. п.) a sharp image ≈ яркий образ б) четкий, легко обнаруживаемый a sharp contrast ≈ резкий контраст
    4) крутой, резкий ( о спуске, повороте, подъеме и т. п.)
    5) о том, что неприятно для восприятия а) резкий, сильный( о боли) б) громкий, пронзительный, резкий ( о звуке)
    6) пронизывающий (напр., о ветре)
    7) острый, тонкий( о зрении, слухе и т. п.)
    8) а) едкий, острый ( о вкусе) б) перен. едкий, колкий( о замечаниях, словах) to have sharp words ≈ крупно поговорить с кем-л. (with smb.)
    9) суровый, жестокий( о борьбе) Syn: severe, harsh
    10) хитрый, коварный;
    недобросовестный He was too sharp for me. ≈ Он меня обхитрил.
    11) быстрый, энергичный
    12) муз. повышенный на полтона;
    диезный ∙ as sharp as a needle ≈ очень умный, проницательный
    2. сущ.
    1) резкий, пронзительный звук
    2) муз. а) диез, знак диеза б) нота, повышенная на полтона
    3) длинная тонкая швейная игла
    4) а) разг. жулик Syn: sharper б) шутл., разг. знаток, специалист, эксперт You know I am no picture sharp. ≈ Видите ли, я совсем не разбираюсь в живописи. Syn: expert
    1., connoisseur
    5) мн.;
    с.-х. высевки, мелкие отруби
    6) амер. подержанная машина в очень хорошем состоянии
    7) алмаз( для резки стекла)
    3. нареч.
    1) ровно, точно, сторого at five o'clock sharp ≈ точно в пять часов Syn: exactly, precisely
    2) ловко, проворно, искусно He was dressed real sharp, a gray suit, not just sports clothes. ≈ Он был одет действительно со вкусом, в сером костюме, а не в какую-нибудь спортивную одежду. Syn: smartly, nattily
    3) круто
    4) резко, вдруг, внезапно Syn: abruptly, suddenly
    5) муз. в слишком высоком тоне ∙ look sharp!
    4. гл.
    1) обманывать, плутовать Syn: trick, cheat
    2) муз. ставить диез (разговорное) жулик, мошенник, шулер - *s and flats жулики и простаки (разговорное) знаток - business * ловкий делец( музыкальное) диез - double * дубль-диез - * key диезная тональность - *s and flats черные клавиши (рояля) - to repeat smth. in all *s and flats твердить что-л. на все лады острие - the * of the hand ребро ладони длинная, с очень острым концом, швейная игла pl (сельскохозяйственное) высевки, мелкие отруби острый, отточенный, остроконечный - * angle острый угол - * pencil отточенный карандаш - * sand песчинки, режущие лицо крутой;
    резкий - * slope крутой скат - * drop резкое падение - * turn /turning, corner, bend/ крутой поворот - the road made a * turn to the right дорога круто свернула направо - * features резкие черты лица - the * features of his emaciated face заострившиеся черты его изможденного лица отчетливый, определенный - * outline отчетливый /четкий/ контур - * contrast резкий контраст - * image четкое изображение - I caught a * view of them я их ясно увидел - her figure was * against the light ее фигура резко /четко/ выделялась на свету сильный, резкий - * frost сильный мороз - * air морозный воздух - * wind резкий /пронизывающий/ ветер - * pain, * twingle (of pain) резкая /острая/ боль - * hunger сильный /мучительный, острый/ голод - * envy жгучая зависть - * desire острое /непреодолимое/ желание - * flash внезапная вспышка яркого света умный, сообразительный - * wits /intelligence/ острый ум - * lad сообразительный /сметливый/ парень - as * as a needle очень сообразительный - the child is as * as a needle ребенок развит не по летам - so * as to cut himself (неодобрительно) слишком уж большой умник остроумный - * answer остроумный ответ проницательный, наблюдательный - * eyes проницательный взгляд /взор/;
    колючие глаза - he gave me a * look он внимательно посмотрел на меня - he made some very * remarks /observations/ он сделал /высказал/ несколько очень верных замечаний бдительный - to keep /to be on/ a * lookout for smb., smth. быть бдительным в отношении кого-л., чего-л., внимательно следить за кем-л., чем-л. ловкий, искусный - * tactics искусная /тонкая/ тактика - * trader ловкий коммерсант - he's * at making a bargain он умеет с выгодой продать и купить хитрый, продувной - * practice мошенничество, надувательство, неблаговидные дела - * lawyer( разговорное) ловкий адвокат - he is a * customer( разговорное) он хитрая бестия /штучка/, с ним не шути - he was too * for me он меня перехитрил едкий, острый (о вкусе, запахе) - * cheese острый сыр - * wine кислое /терпкое/ вино - this sauce is too * for me этот соус слишком острый для меня резкий, пронзительный (о звуке и т. п.) - * voice резкий голос - * cry пронзительный крик - his voice took on a * note of alarm в его голосе послышались резкие нотки беспокойства тонкий, острый (о слухе и т. п.) - * eyes /sight/ острое зрение - * ears /hearing/ тонкий слух - * nose /sense of smell/ тонкое обоняние - to have a * eye /ear, nose/ for smth. иметь тонкий нюх на что-л. колкий, язвительный( о замечании и т. п.) - * rebuke гневный /резкий/ упрек - * satire острая /резкая/ сатира - * words колючие /язвительные, резкие/ слова /речи/;
    резкости - to have * words with smb. крупно поговорить с кем-л. - she has a * tongue она остра на язык - his words were as * as a razor /as a needle/ его слова жалили как осы раздраженный, легко выходящий из себя - * reaction резкая реакция, раздражение - * temper раздражительность быстрый, энергичный - * walk прогулка быстрым шагом - * game (спортивное) острая игра, жаркая схватка - * work горячая /быстрая/ работа;
    жаркий бой - that was * work! быстро управились! - to be * at reckoning уметь быстро считать - *'s the word! скорей, живей!, пошевеливайтесь! суровый, жестокий - * battle жестокая битва - to be * upon smb. сурово судить кого-л. (американизм) (сленг) элегантный, шикарный - * dresser модник;
    модница;
    одевается с шиком - * jacket элегантный жакет (фонетика) глухой( о согласном) (музыкальное) диезный - F * фа-диез (музыкальное) взятый на полтона выше (о ноте) > as * as the corner of a round table набитый дурак;
    звезд с неба не хватает > a * stomach makes short devotion (пословица) на голодный желудок много не помолишься > all things that are * are short (пословица) яркий огонь быстро горит ровно, точно, пунктуально - at ten o'clock * точно в 10 - the train left * to time поезд отошел точно по расписанию круто - to turn * round круто повернуть - the road turns * to the left дорога круто сворачивает налево( музыкальное) на полтона выше - to sing * петь на полтона выше (чем нужно) > look *! живее!, быстро!;
    смотри(те) в оба! жульничать, плутовать - he *s at cards он плутует в картах (музыкальное) ставить диез - to * a tone поставить диез, поднять на полтона (музыкальное) петь или играть на полтона выше (чем нужно) ~ точно, ровно;
    at six o'clock sharp ровно в 6 часов ~ колкий (о замечаниях, словах) ;
    раздражительный( о характере) ;
    to have sharp words (with smb.) крупно поговорить (с кем-л.) ~ продувной, хитрый;
    недобросовестный;
    he was too sharp for me он меня перехитрил;
    sharp practice мошенничество sharp быстрый, энергичный;
    sharp work горячая работа ~ муз. в слишком высоком тоне ~ pl с.-х. высевки, мелкие отруби ~ муз. диез ~ вчт. диез ~ длинная тонкая швейная игла ~ едкий, острый (о вкусе) ~ жестокий (о борьбе) ~ разг. жулик ~ шутл. знаток ~ колкий (о замечаниях, словах) ;
    раздражительный (о характере) ;
    to have sharp words (with smb.) крупно поговорить (с кем-л.) ~ круто;
    to turn sharp round круто повернуться ~ крутой, резкий (о повороте, подъеме и т. п.) ~ определенный, отчетливый (о различии, очертании и т. п.) ~ острый, проницательный, наблюдательный ~ острый, тонкий (о зрении, слухе и т. п.) ~ острый;
    остроконечный, отточенный ~ острый ~ отчетливый ~ плутовать ~ муз. повышенный на полтона;
    диезный;
    as sharp as a needle очень умный, проницательный ~ продувной, хитрый;
    недобросовестный;
    he was too sharp for me он меня перехитрил;
    sharp practice мошенничество ~ резкий, пронзительный звук ~ резкий (о боли, звуке, ветре) ;
    пронзительный;
    sharp frost сильный мороз ~ резкий ~ муз. ставить диез ~ точно, ровно;
    at six o'clock sharp ровно в 6 часов ~ вчт. четкий ~ резкий (о боли, звуке, ветре) ;
    пронзительный;
    sharp frost сильный мороз sharp быстрый, энергичный;
    sharp work горячая работа ~ круто;
    to turn sharp round круто повернуться

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > sharp

  • 10 sharp

    1. [ʃɑ:p] n
    1. разг. жулик, мошенник, шулер

    sharps and flats - жулики и простаки [см. тж. 3]

    2. разг. знаток
    3. муз. диез

    to repeat smth. in all sharps and flats - твердить что-л. на все лады

    4. остриё
    5. длинная с очень острым концом швейная игла
    6. pl с.-х. высевки, мелкие отруби
    2. [ʃɑ:p] a
    1. острый, отточенный, остроконечный

    sharp angle [knife] - острый угол [нож]

    sharp sand - песчинки, режущие лицо

    2. крутой; резкий

    sharp slope [descent, ascent] - крутой скат [спуск, подъём]

    sharp turn /turning, corner, bend/ - крутой поворот

    the sharp features of his emaciated face - заострившиеся черты его измождённого лица

    3. отчётливый, определённый

    sharp outline - отчётливый /чёткий/ контур

    sharp contrast [distinctions] - резкий контраст [-ие различия]

    her figure was sharp against the light - её фигура резко /чётко/ выделялась на свету

    4. сильный, резкий

    sharp wind - резкий /пронизывающий/ ветер

    sharp pain, sharp twinge (of pain) - резкая /острая/ боль

    sharp hunger [thirst] - сильный /мучительный, острый/ голод [-ая жажда]

    sharp desire - острое /непреодолимое/ желание

    5. 1) умный, сообразительный

    sharp wits /intelligence/ - острый ум

    sharp lad - сообразительный /сметливый/ парень

    as sharp as a needle - очень сообразительный [ср. тж. 10]

    so sharp as to cut himself - неодобр. слишком уж большой умник

    2) остроумный

    sharp answer [epigram] - остроумный ответ [-ая эпиграмма]

    3) проницательный, наблюдательный

    sharp eyes - а) проницательный взгляд /взор/; б) колючие глаза; [ср. тж. 9]

    he made some very sharp remarks /observations/ - он сделал /высказал/ несколько очень верных замечаний

    4) бдительный

    to keep /to be on/ a sharp lookout for smb., smth. - быть бдительным в отношении кого-л., чего-л., внимательно следить за кем-л., чем-л.

    6. 1) ловкий, искусный

    sharp tactics - искусная /тонкая/ тактика

    2) хитрый, продувной

    sharp practice - мошенничество, надувательство, неблаговидные дела

    sharp lawyer - разг. ловкий адвокат

    he is a sharp customer - разг. он хитрая бестия /штучка/, с ним не шути

    7. едкий, острый (о вкусе, запахе)

    sharp wine - кислое /терпкое/ вино

    8. резкий, пронзительный (о звуке и т. п.)

    his voice took on a sharp note of alarm - в его голосе послышались резкие нотки беспокойства

    9. тонкий, острый (о слухе и т. п.)

    sharp eyes /sight/ - острое зрение [ср. тж. 5, 3)]

    sharp ears /hearing/ - тонкий слух

    sharp nose /sense of smell/ - тонкое обоняние

    to have a sharp eye /ear, nose/ for smth. - иметь тонкий нюх на что-л.

    10. колкий, язвительный (о замечании и т. п.)

    sharp rebuke - гневный /резкий/ упрёк

    sharp satire [criticism] - острая /резкая/ сатира [критика]

    sharp words - колкие /язвительные, резкие/ слова /речи/; резкости

    to have sharp words with smb. - крупно поговорить с кем-л.

    his words were as sharp as a razor /as a needle/ - ≅ его слова жалили как осы [ср. тж. 5, 1)]

    11. раздражительный, легко выходящий из себя

    sharp reaction - резкая реакция, раздражение

    12. быстрый, энергичный

    sharp game - спорт. острая игра, жаркая схватка

    sharp work - а) горячая /быстрая/ работа; that was sharp work! - быстро управились!; б) жаркий бой

    sharp's the word! - скорей, живей!, пошевеливайтесь!

    13. суровый, жестокий

    sharp battle [struggle] - жестокая битва [схватка, борьба]

    to be sharp upon smb. - сурово судить кого-л.

    14. амер. сл. элегантный, шикарный

    sharp dresser - модник; модница; ≅ одевается с шиком

    15. фон. глухой ( о согласном)
    16. муз.
    1) диезный
    2) взятый на полтона выше ( о ноте)

    ♢ as sharp as the corner of a round table - набитый дурак; ≅ звёзд с неба не хватает

    a sharp stomach makes short devotion - посл. на голодный желудок много не помолишься

    all things that are sharp are short - посл. ≅ яркий огонь быстро горит

    3. [ʃɑ:p] adv
    1. ровно, точно, пунктуально
    2. круто
    3. муз. на полтона выше

    ♢ look sharp! - а) живее!, быстро!; б) смотри(те) в оба!

    4. [ʃɑ:p] v
    1. жульничать, плутовать
    2. 1) муз. ставить диез

    to sharp a tone - поставить диез, поднять на полтона

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  • 11 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 12 give

    1. I
    the door gave дверь подалась; the ice gave лед сломался /не выдержал/; the foundations are giving фундамент оседает; at the height of the storm the bridge gave в самый разгар бури мост не выдержал и рухнул; his knees seemed to give ему казалось, что у него подкашиваются ноги; the branch gave but did not break ветка прогнулась, но не сломалась; а soft chair (a bed, a mattress, etc.) gives [when one sits on it] мягкий стул и т. д. проминается [, когда на него садятся]; the frost is beginning to give мороз начинает слабеть
    2. II
    1) give in some manner. give generously /unsparingly, abundantly/ щедро и т. д. давать /дарить, одаривать/; give grudgingly нехотя делать подарки
    2) give in some manner this chair (the mattress, the bed, etc.) gives comfortably (a lot) этот стул и т. д. приятно (сильно) проминается; the springs won't give enough /much/ пружины довольно тугие; the горе has given a good deal веревка сильно растянулась /ослабла/; give for some time the frost did not give all day мороз не отпускал весь день
    3. III
    give smth.
    1) give food (medicine, L 3, etc.) давать еду и т. д., give presents дарить /делать/ подарки; give a grant давать дотацию /пособие/; give a scholarship предоставлять стипендию; give a medal награждать медалью; give alms подавать милостыню
    2) give a message передавать записку /сообщение/; give one's regards передать привет
    3) give a large crop (10 per cent profit, etc.) приносить / давать/ большой урожай и т. д.; give fruit плодоносить; give milk давать молоке; give heat излучать тепло; the lamp gives a poor light лампа светит тускло /дает, излучает тусклый свет/; his work gives good results его работа дает хорошие результаты; two times two /two multiplied by two/ gives four дважды два give четыре
    4) give facts (news, details, the following figures, etc.) приводить /сообщать/ факты и т. д.; give an example /an instance/ приводить /давать/ пример: the dictionary doesn't give this word в словаре нет этого слова; the list gives ten names в списке [приведено /указано/] / список содержит/ десять имен; he gave a full account of the event он все рассказал /дал полный отчет/ об этом событии; he gave no particulars он не сообщил никаких подробностей; give a portrait (a character, the scenery of the country, etc.) нарисовать портрет и т. д.; in his book he gives a description of their customs в своей книге он описывает их нравы; give evidence /testimony/ давать показания; give one's name and address дать /назвать/ свой фамилию и адрес
    5) the thermometer gives forty degrees термометр показывает сорок градусов; the barometer gives rain барометр пошел на дождь; give no sign of life не подавать признаков жизни; give no sign of recognition a) не подать виду, что узнал; б) не узнать; give no sign of embarrassment нисколько не смутиться
    6) give a dinner (a dinner party, a ball, a party, a concert, a performance, etc.) давать /устраивать/ обед и т. д.
    7) give lessons (instruction, exact information, etc.) давать уроки и т. д., give smth. in smth. give lessons in mathematics (instruction in golf, etc.) давать уроки по математике и т. д.; give smth. on smth. give lectures on psychology (on biology, on various subjects, etc.) читать лекции по психологии и т. д., give a lecture прочитать лекцию, выступить с лекцией; give a song (one of Beethoven's sonatas, a concerto, etc.) исполнять песню и т. д., give a recital (a recitation) выступать с сольным концертом (с художественным чтением)
    8) give one's good wishes желать всего доброго / хорошего/; give one's blessing давать свое благословение: give a toast провозглашать тост; give smb.'s health /the health of smb./ поднимать тост за чье-л. здоровье
    9) give a point in the argument уступить по одному какому-л. вопросу в споре; give way /ground/ отступать, сдавать [свои] позиции; the army (our troops, the crowd, etc.) gave way армия и т. д. отступила; the door (the axle, the railing, etc.) gave way дверь и т. д. подалась; the bridge (the ice, the floor, the ground, etc.) gave way мост и т. д. провалился; the rope /the line/ gave way веревка лопнула; my legs gave way у меня подкосились ноги; his health is giving way его здоровье пошатнулось; his strength is giving way силы оставляют его; if he argues don't give way если он будет спорить, не уступайте
    10) give a decision сообщать решение; give judg (e)ment выносить приговор; give notice а) предупреждать о предстоящем увольнении; б) уведомлять
    11) semiaux give a look /а glance/ взглянуть, бросить взгляд; give a jump /а leap/ (под)прыгнуть, сделать прыжок; give a push (a pull) толкнуть (потянуть); give a kick ударить ногой, лягнуть; give a smile улыбнуться; give a kiss поцеловать; give a loud laugh громко засмеяться /рассмеяться/; give a cry /а shout/ издавать крик; give a sigh вздохнуть; give a groan застонать; give a sob всхлипнуть; give a start вздрогнуть; give a nod кивнуть; give a shake [of one's head] отрицательно покачать головой; give an injection делать укол; give a shrug of the shoulders пожать плечами; give a wave of the hand махнуть рукой; give a blow ударить; give a rebuff давать отпор; give a beating задать порку, избить; give chase пускаться в погоню; give a wag of the tail вильнуть хвостом; give an order (a command, instructions, etc.) отдавать приказ /распоряжение/ и т. д.; give an answer /а reply/ давать ответ, отвечать; give help оказывать помощь; give the alert объявлять тревогу; give a warning делать предупреждение; give advice советовать, давать совет; give a suggestion предлагать, выдвигать предложение; give a promise (one's word, one's pledge, etc.) давать обещание и т. д.; give shelter давать /предоставлять/ убежище; give a volley дать залп; the gun gave a loud report раздался громкий ружейный выстрел; give offence обижать, наносить обиду; give battle давать бой; give a chance (an opportunity, power, etc.) предоставлять /давать/ возможность и т. д.
    4. IV
    give smth. somewhere
    1) give back the books you borrowed (my pen, my newspaper, etc.) возвращать книги, которые вы взяли и т. д.; give smth. in some manner give money generously (grudgingly, freely, etc.) щедро и т. д. давать деньги; regularly give presents регулярно делать подарки
    2) give smth. at some time give a message immediately немедленно передать записку
    3) give smth. at some time give profit (10 per cent, etc.) regularly (annually, etc.) регулярно и т. д. приносить прибыль и т. д.
    4) give smth. in some manner give an extract in full (at length, in detail, etc.) приводить отрывок полностью и т. д.
    5) semiaux give smth. in some manner give aid willingly охотно оказывать помощь; give one's answers loudly (distinctly, etc.) давать ответы /отвечать/ громко и т. д.
    5. V
    1) give smb. smth. give me your pencil (him this book, her your hand, me a match, the child a glass of milk, the boy his medicine, etc.) дайте мне ваш карандаш и т. д., give smb. a present сделать кому-л. подарок; give him watch (her a ring, etc.) подарить ему часы и т. д.; give her a bunch of flowers преподнести ей букет цветов; what has he given you? что он вам подарил /преподнес/?; give him a letter from his mother (her a note from me, etc.) передавать ему письмо от матери и т. д.; give an actor a role (him a job, etc.) предлагать /давать/ актеру роль и т. д.; give smb. the place of honour отвести кому-л. почетное место; give me long distance дайте мне междугородную; I give you my word (my promise, my consent, etc.) 'даю вам слово и т. д.; give smb. smth. for smth. give smb. a watch for a present преподнести кому-л. часы в качестве подарка; give women equal pay with men for their work оплачивать труд женщин наравне с трудом мужчин; give smb. smth. in smth. give them parts in his new play распределять между ними роли в его новой пьесе; give smb. smb. she gave him a beautiful baby boy она родила ему прекрасного мальчика
    2) give smb. smth. give him the message (me the letter, etc.) передавать ему записку и т. д.; give smb. one's love (one's compliments, one's kind regards, etc.) передавать кому-л. привет и т. д.; give him my thanks передайте ему мою благодарность; I give you my very best wishes желаю вам всего самого лучшего
    3) give smb. smth. give smb. an illness (measles, a sore throat, etc.) заразить кого-л. какой-л. болезнью и т. д.; you've given me your cold вы заразили меня насморком, я от вас заразился насморком
    4) give smb., smth. smth. give us warmth and light (us fruit, people meat, us milk, us wool and leather, etc.) давать нам тепло и свет и т. д.; give men pleasure (him joy, the children enjoyment, her satisfaction, etc.) доставлять людям удовольствие и т. д.; give smb. [much] pain (much trouble, sorrow, etc.) причинять кому-л. боль и т. д.; too much noise gives me a headache от сильного шума у меня начинается головная боль; give smb. courage (me patience, him strength, her more self-confidence, etc.) придавать кому-л. мужество и т. д.; that gave me the idea of travelling это навело меня на мысль о путешествии; give smth. flavour придавать чему-л. вкус
    5) give smb. smth. give the commission an account of his trip (us a good description of the man, him wrong information, him good proof, etc.) давать комиссии отчет /отчитываться перед комиссией/ о своей поездке и т. д.; give me your opinion сообщите мне свое мнение; give us human nature truthfully (the reader a true picture of his age, etc.) описать /воссоздать/ для нас подлинную картину человеческой природы и т. д.
    6) give smb. smth. give the child a name дать ребенку имя; give smth. smth. give the book a strange title дать книге странное заглавие /название/; this town gave the battle its name эта битва получила название по городу, близ которого она произошла
    7) give smb. smth. give smb. lessons (music lessons, lessons in French, consultations, instruction, etc.) давать кому-л. уроки и т. д., give smb. a concerto (a play, etc.) исполнить для кого-л. концерт и т. д.; give us Bach (us another song, etc.) исполните нам /для нас/ Баха и т. д.; who will give us a song? кто вам споет? || give smb. an example служить кому-л. примером; give the other boys an example подавать другим мальчикам пример
    8) give smb. smth. give smb. good morning (him good day, us good evening, etc.) пожелать кому-л. доброго утра и т. д., give smb. one's blessing благословлять кого-л.; give smb. smth., smb. give them our country (our host, the Governor, etc.) предложить им выпить за нашу страну и т. д.
    9) give smb. smth. give smb. six months' imprisonment (five years, two years of hard labour, etc.) приговорить кого-л. к пяти месяцам тюремного заключения и т. д.
    10) semiaux give smb., smth. smth. give smb. a look (a fleeting glance, etc.) бросить на кого-л. взгляд и т. д.; give smb. a smile улыбнуться кому-л.; give smb. a kiss поцеловать кого-л.; give smb. a blow нанести кому-л. удар, стукнуть кого-л.; give smb. a push толкнуть кого-л.; give smb. a kick лягнуть, ударить кого-л. ногой; give smb. a nod кивнуть кому-л. [головой]; give smb. a beating избить /поколотить/ кого-л.; give one's hat a brush почистить шляпу; give a blackboard a wipe стереть с доски; give smb.'s hand a squeeze сжать или пожать кому-л. руку; give them our support (him help, him a hand, them every assistance, etc.) оказать им поддержку и т. д.; give the matter every care внимательно отнестись к вопросу; give smb. a warning предупреждать кого-л.; give smb. an order (instructions, etc.) отдать кому-л. приказ и т. д.; give smb. an answer /а reply/ давать кому-л. ответ, отвечать кому-л.; my old coat gives me good service мое старое пальто все еще служит мне; give me a chance (him another opportunity, etc.) предоставьте мне возможность и т. д.
    6. VII
    1) give smth. to do smth. give a signal to start (notice to leave, etc.) давать сигнал к отправлению и т. д.; give a push to open the door толкнуть дверь, чтобы она открылась; give a lot to know it (anything to know what happened, the world to have it, the world to secure such a thing, etc.) многое отдать, чтобы узнать это и т. д. || give smb. to understand дать кому-л. понять
    2) give smb. smth. to do give him a book to read (me something to eat, her a glass of water to drink, him the right to complain, him a week to make up his mind, us an hour to get there, myself time to think it over, etc.) дать ему прочесть книгу и т. д.; give a porter one's bags to carry (a groom one's horse to hold, etc.) попросить носильщика отнести вещи и т. д.; give him a letter to mail дать /велеть/ ему отправить письмо; give her a message to deliver дать ей записку для передачи
    7. XI
    1) be given smth. he was given a job (quarters, a rest, etc.) ему дали /предложили/ работу и т. д., he was given a book (a watch, L 50, a ring, etc.) ему подарили книгу и т. д.; be given to smb., smth. a book (a watch, etc.) was given to him ему подарили книгу и т. д., he was given a contract с ним заключили контракт; be given in some manner our services are given free of charge мы оказываем услуги бесплатно; invitations are given gratuitously (periodically, willingly, etc.) приглашения рассылаются бесплатно и т. д., be given somewhere articles (books, etc.) must be given back статьи и т. д. должны быть возвращены
    2) be given to smb. of all the books that have been given to the public on the problem из всех выпущенных по данному вопросу книг
    3) || semiaux I was given to understand that... мне дали понять, что...
    4) be given to smth. be given to idleness (to luxury and pleasure, to drink, to these pursuits, etc.) иметь склонность к безделью и т. д., he is much given to music он увлекается музыкой; be given in so me manner I am not given that way у меня не такой склад /характер/; be given to doing smth. be given to drinking (to day-dreaming, to lying, to contradicting, to swearing, to shooting and hunting, etc.) любить выпить, иметь пристрастие к выпивке и т. д.; he is given to stealing он нечист на руку; he is given to boasting он хвастлив || semiaux (not) be given to smb. to do smth. it is not given to him to understand it (to appreciate beauty, to express his thoughts eloquently, to become famous, etc.) ему не дано понять это и т. д.
    5) be given somewhere the figures (the data, the results, etc.) are given below ( above) цифры и т. д. приведены ниже (выше); as given below (above) как показано /сказано/ ниже (выше); the word (this phrase, etc.) is not given in the dictionary словарь не дает /не приводит/ этого слова и т. д., be given in some manner the prices are given separately цены даются отдельно; this is given as a hypothesis это приводится в виде гипотезы
    6) be given smth. he was given the name of John его назвали Джоном; be given in some manner the subtitle is given rather grandiloquently дан очень пышный подзаголовок
    7) be given at some place the opera (the play, etc.) was first given in Paris (on this stage, etc.) эта опера и т. д. была впервые поставлена в Париже и т. д.; be given at some time the play is to be given again next month пьеса вновь пойдет /пьесу снова покажут/ в следующем месяце
    8) be given smth. be given six years' imprisonment (a severe punishment, a stiff sentence, a reprieve, etc.) получить шесть лет тюрьмы и т. д.; be given for (against) smb. the decision (the judg(e)ment, etc.) was given for (against) the defendant ( the plaintiff, etc.) решение и т. д. было вынесено в пользу (против) обвиняемого и т. д.
    8. XVI
    1) give to /for/ smth., smb. give to the Red Cross (to charity, to the poor, for the relief of the victims of the flood, etc.) жертвовать [средства] в пользу Красного Креста и т. д.
    2) give under smth. the fence (the beam, etc.) may give under the weight забор и т. д. может рухнуть под такой тяжестью; the earth /the soil/ (the marshy ground, etc.) gave under the vehicle под тяжестью машины почва и т. д. осела; the step gave under his feet ступенька сломалась у него под ногами; the lock gave under hard pushing мы напирали на дверь, пока замок не сломался; give on smth. we can't negotiate until each side is willing to give on some points успешные переговоры невозможны [до тех пор], пока каждая сторона не пойдет на определенные уступки
    3) give (up)on (into, onto) smth. the window ( the door, the gate, etc.) gives (up)on the street (on the garden, on the side street, into /on(to)/ the yard, on the sea, etc.) окно и т. д. выходит на улицу и т. д., the road gave onto the highway дорога выходила на шоссе
    9. XVIII
    give oneself to smth. give oneself to mathematics (to study, to science, etc.) посвятить себя математике и т. д.; give oneself to thought (to meditation, to prayer, etc.) предаваться размышлениям и т. д.; the invaders gave themselves to plunder захватчики занимались грабежом
    10. XXI1
    1) give smth. to smb., smth. give a book to each of the boys (food to the hungry, medicine to a patient, money to a beggar, etc.) давать каждому мальчику по книге и т. д.; money to the Red Cross (all his books to the library, his collection to the college, etc.) передать /( пожертвовать/ деньги Красному Кресту и т.
    ; give one's hand to the visitor подать / пожать, протянуть/ руку посетителю; give a part to an actor дать актеру роль; give place to the old woman (to new methods, etc.) уступить место пожилой женщине и т. д.; give her face to the sun подставить лицо солнцу; give smth. for smb., smth. give his life for his friends (for his country, for a cause, etc.) отдать свою жизнь за друзей и т. д.; give smth. to smth., smb. give (no) thought to it (не) задумываться над этим; give [one's] attention to smb. оказывать кому-л. внимание; give credit to smth. прислушиваться к чему-л.; give credit to the report доверять сообщению || give one's ear to smb., smth. прислушиваться к кому-л., чему-л.; give ear to the rumour прислушиваться к тому, что говорят; give one's daughter in marriage выдавать /отдавать/ дочь замуж
    2) give smth. to smb. give the command of the regiment to him поручить ему командование полком; give my love /my kind regards, my compliments/ to her (to your family, etc.) передавать ей и т. д. привет; give smb., smth. into smb., smth. give the children into smb.'s hands (into smb.'s care, into smb.'s charge, etc.) передавать детей в чьи-л. руки и т. д., поручать детей кому-л. и т. д., give the thief into the hands of the police передать вора в руки полиции; give the prisoner into custody отдать заключенного под стражу
    3) give smth. to smth., smb. give perfume to the linen (an edge to the appetite, brilliance to the thing, etc.) придавать белью аромат и т. д.; give a disease to smb. (a cold to the boy, measles to a whole school, etc.) заразить кого-л. какой-л. болезнью и т. д.; give motion to the wheel привести колесо в движение; give currency to smth. пускать что-л. в обращение; give currency to rumours распускать слухи; his novel gave currency to this phrase после выхода в свет его романа это выражение стало крылатым; give rise to smth. породить /вызвать/ что-л.; his behaviour gave rise to rumours его поведение дало повод разговорам
    4) give smth. for smth. give five pounds for the hat (as much as L 3 for this book, a good price for the car, etc.) (заплатать пять фунтов за шляпу и т. д.; how much /what/ did you give for that? сколько вы за это заплатили?; give prizes /premiums/ for the best exhibits выдавать призы за лучшие экспонаты; give smth. to smb. give good wages to the workers хорошо платить рабочим
    5) give smth. to smth., smb. give one's free time to golf (one's mind to scientific research, one's attention to study, one's heart to art, one's energy to political affairs, one's love to her, etc.) отдавать все свое свободное время игре в гольф и т. д.; give one's life to science (to the cause of peace, to study, to one's duty, etc.) отдать /посвятить/ свой жизнь науке и т. д.
    6) give smth. with smth. give the story with many unnecessary particulars (a description with many side remarks, evidence with no trace of bias, etc.) рассказать эту историю со многими ненужными подробностями и т. д.; give the scenery with great fidelity описывать /воспроизводить/ пейзаж с большой точностью; give smth. for smth. give his reasons for his absence (for the delay, for her lateness, etc.) объяснять свое отсутствие и т. д.
    7) give smth. at smth. the bulletin gives the population of the country at 90 millions (the average number of attempts at 3, the number of instances at 8, etc.) в бюллетене указывается, что население этой страны ранки девяноста миллионам и т. д.; give smth. in smth. give 30° in the shade (in the sun) показывать /регистрировать/ тридцать градусов в тени (на солнце)
    8) give smth. to smth. the city gave its name to the battle эта ботва получила название по городу, близ которого она произошла; the largest city gave its name to the province эта область названа по самому большому городу
    9) give smth. for smb. give a dinner (a party, etc.) for 20 guests давать обед и т. д. на двадцать человек /персон/
    10) give smth. to smb. give instruction to a class of adults (lessons to children, interviews to journalists, etc.) давать уроки группе взрослых и т. д., give a talk to the recruits провести беседу с новобранцами
    11) give smth. to smb. give three hearty cheers to the winners встречать победителей троекратным "ура"
    12) || give way to smth., smb. отступать перед чем-л., кем-л.; give way to а саг (to traffic coming in from the right, to the man, etc.) пропускать автомобиль и т. д., давать дорогу автомобилю и т. д.; give way to despair впасть в отчаяние; give way to temptation (to grief, etc.) поддаться соблазну и т. д.; give way to emotions уступить чувствам, быть не в состоянии справиться со своими чувствами; give way to tears не сдержать слезы, расплакаться; give way to his whims (to him, to these impudent demands, etc.) уступать его капризам и т. д., give way to anger не сдержать гнева, дать волю гневу; give place to smth., smb. отступать перед чем-л., кем-л.; spring gave place to summer на смену весне пришло лето
    13) semiaux give smth., to smb., smth. give a blow to smb. нанести кому-л. удар; give a signal to the guard подавать сигнал часовому; give a turn to a key in the lock повернуть ключ в замке; give help to the needy оказывать помощь нуждающимся; give an order to the servants (a command to the soldiers. etc.) отдать распоряжение слугам и т. д.; give an answer to the man ответить этому человеку; give encouragement to the boy ободрить /подбодрить/ мальчика; give chase to a ship [начать] преследовать корабль
    11. XXIV1
    give smth. as smth. give a book (a jack-knife, etc.) as a present давать книгу и т. д. в качестве подарка, дарить книгу и т. д., give smth. as a keepsake дарить что-л. на память

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > give

  • 13 sea

    si:
    1. noun
    1) ((often with the) the mass of salt water covering most of the Earth's surface: I enjoy swimming in the sea; over land and sea; The sea is very deep here; (also adjective) A whale is a type of large sea animal.) mar
    2) (a particular area of sea: the Baltic Sea; These fish are found in tropical seas.) mar
    3) (a particular state of the sea: mountainous seas.) mar
    •
    - seaward
    - seaboard
    - sea breeze
    - seafaring
    - seafood
    2. adjective
    seafood restaurants.) de marisco
    - sea-going
    - seagull
    - sea level
    - sea-lion
    - seaman
    - seaport
    - seashell
    - seashore
    - seasick
    - seasickness
    - seaside
    - seaweed
    - seaworthy
    - seaworthiness
    - at sea
    - go to sea
    - put to sea
    sea n mar
    by sea por mar / en barco
    Del verbo ser: ( conjugate ser) \ \
    sea es: \ \
    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo
    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo
    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo
    Multiple Entries: sea     ser
    sea,
    ◊ seas, etc see ser

    ser ( conjugate ser) cópula 1 ( seguido de adjetivos) to be
    ◊ ser expresses identity or nature as opposed to condition or state, which is normally conveyed by estar. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in estar 1 cópula 1 es bajo/muy callado he's short/very quiet;
    es sorda de nacimiento she was born deaf; es inglés/católico he's English/(a) Catholic; era cierto it was true; sé bueno, estate quieto be a good boy and keep still; que seas muy feliz I hope you'll be very happy; (+ me/te/le etc) ver tb imposible, difícil etc 2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be; es viuda she's a widow; ver tb estar 1 cópula 2 3 (seguido de nombre, pronombre) to be; ábreme, soy yo open the door, it's me 4 (con predicado introducido por `de'): soy de Córdoba I'm from Cordoba; es de los vecinos it belongs to the neighbors, it's the neighbors'; no soy de aquí I'm not from around here 5 (hipótesis, futuro): ¿será cierto? can it be true? verbo intransitivo 1
    b) (liter) ( en cuentos):
    ◊ érase una vez … once upon a time there was …
    2
    a) (tener lugar, ocurrir):
    ¿dónde fue el accidente? where did the accident happen?
    ◊ ¿qué habrá sido de él? I wonder what happened to o what became of him;
    ¿qué es de Marisa? (fam) what's Marisa up to (these days)? (colloq); ¿qué va a ser de nosotros? what will become of us? 3 ( sumar):
    ◊ ¿cuánto es (todo)? how much is that (altogether)?;
    son 3.000 pesos that'll be o that's 3,000 pesos; somos diez en total there are ten of us altogether 4 (indicando finalidad, adecuación) sea para algo to be for sth; ( en locs)
    ◊ a no ser que (+ subj) unless;
    ¿cómo es eso? why is that?, how come? (colloq); como/cuando/donde sea: tengo que conseguir ese trabajo como sea I have to get that job no matter what; hazlo como sea, pero hazlo do it any way o however you want but get it done; el lunes o cuando sea next Monday or whenever; puedo dormir en el sillón o donde sea I can sleep in the armchair or wherever you like o anywhere you like; de ser así (frml) should this be so o the case (frml); ¡eso es! that's it!, that's right!; es que …: ¿es que no lo saben? do you mean to say they don't know?; es que no sé nadar the thing is I can't swim; lo que sea: cómete una manzana, o lo que sea have an apple or something; estoy dispuesta a hacer lo que sea I'm prepared to do whatever it takes; o sea: en febrero, o sea hace un mes in February, that is to say a month ago; o sea que no te interesa in other words, you're not interested; o sea que nunca lo descubriste so you never found out; (ya) sea …, (ya) sea … either …, or …; sea como sea at all costs; sea cuando sea whenever it is; sea donde sea no matter where; sea quien sea whoever it is; si no fuera/hubiera sido por … if it wasn't o weren't/hadn't been for … ( en el tiempo) to be;
    ◊ ¿qué fecha es hoy? what's the date today?, what's today's date;
    serían las cuatro cuando llegó it must have been (about) four (o'clock) when she arrived; ver tb v impers sea v impers to be; sea v aux ( en la voz pasiva) to be; fue construido en 1900 it was built in 1900 ■ sustantivo masculino 1
    a) ( ente) being;
    ◊ sea humano/vivo human/living being
    b) (individuo, persona):
    2 ( naturaleza):
    ser
    I sustantivo masculino
    1 being: es un ser despreciable, he's despicable
    ser humano, human being
    ser vivo, living being
    2 (esencia) essence: eso forma parte de su ser, that is part of him
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (cualidad) to be: eres muy modesto, you are very modest
    2 (fecha) to be: hoy es lunes, today is Monday
    ya es la una, it's one o'clock
    3 (cantidad) eran unos cincuenta, there were about fifty people (al pagar) ¿cuánto es?, how much is it?
    son doscientas, it is two hundred pesetas Mat dos y tres son cinco, two and three make five
    4 (causa) aquella mujer fue su ruina, that woman was his ruin
    5 (oficio) to be a(n): Elvira es enfermera, Elvira is a nurse
    6 (pertenencia) esto es mío, that's mine
    es de Pedro, it is Pedro's
    7 (afiliación) to belong: es del partido, he's a member of the party
    es un chico del curso superior, he is a boy from the higher year
    8 (origen) es de Málaga, she is from Málaga
    ¿de dónde es esta fruta? where does this fruit come from?
    9 (composición, material) to be made of: este jersey no es de lana, this sweater is not (made of) wool
    10 ser de, (afinidad, comparación) lo que hizo fue de tontos, what she did was a foolish thing
    11 (existir) Madrid ya no es lo que era, Madrid isn't what it used to be
    12 (suceder) ¿qué fue de ella?, what became of her?
    13 (tener lugar) to be: esta tarde es el entierro, the funeral is this evening 14 ser para, (finalidad) to be for: es para pelar patatas, it's for peeling potatoes (adecuación, aptitud) no es una película para niños, the film is not suitable for children
    esta vida no es para ti, this kind of life is not for you
    15 (efecto) era para llorar, it was painful
    es (como) para darle una bofetada, it makes me want to slap his face
    no es para tomárselo a broma, it is no joke
    16 (auxiliar en pasiva) to be: fuimos rescatados por la patrulla de la Cruz Roja, we were rescued by the Red Cross patrol
    17 ser de (+ infinitivo) era de esperar que se marchase, it was to be expected that she would leave Locuciones: a no ser que, unless
    como sea, anyhow
    de no ser por..., had it not been for
    es más, furthermore
    es que..., it's just that...
    lo que sea, whatever
    o sea, that is (to say)
    sea como sea, in any case o be that as it may
    ser de lo que no hay, to be the limit ' sea' also found in these entries: Spanish: adentro - arrastrar - besugo - blanca - blanco - caballito - comunicar - cualquiera - elefante - ser - erizo - erotizar - espada - exclusión - flexible - gruesa - grueso - hipocampo - loba - lobo - lubina - mar - marina - marino - marítima - marítimo - negarse - nivel - no - oportuna - oportuno - orientarse - respeto - segundón - segundona - siquiera - sugestión - un - una - vía - agrado - alto - altura - barco - bendito - breve - bruma - caer - calma - Caribe English: above - apply - as - blast - calm - can - Caribbean - clingy - damn - danger - Dead Sea - devil - facing - however - lost - lung - matter - may - Mediterranean - mist - place - prospect - Red Sea - sea - sea dog - sea lion - sea mist - sea-fish - sea-green - sea-lane - sea-level - sea-water - shame - sink - so - South Sea Islands - spin out - splendid - though - urchin - view - voyage - whenever - whichever - whoever - whose - wonder - word - Adriatic - Aegean
    tr[siː]
    1 mar m & f
    ■ the sea is calm/rough today la mar está serena/picada hoy
    ■ a heavy/light sea una mar gruesa/llana
    1 marítimo,-a, de mar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    at sea en el mar
    by the sea a orillas del mar
    out to sea mar adentro
    to be all at sea estar perdido,-a, estar confundido,-a
    to find one's sea legs acostumbrarse al mar, no marearse
    to go by sea ir en barco
    to go to sea hacerse marinero
    to put (out) to sea zarpar, hacerse a la mar
    to send something by sea enviar algo por mar
    sea anemone anémona de mar
    sea bass lubina, róbalo
    sea bream pagro, pargo
    sea breeze brisa marina
    sea captain capitán nombre masculino de barco
    sea change cambio radical, metamorfosis nombre femenino
    sea dog lobo de mar
    sea fog bruma
    sea horse caballito de mar, hipocampo
    sea legs equilibrio
    sea mile milla marina (6000 pies ó 1000 brazas ó 1828,8 metros)
    sea mist bruma
    sea pink armenia marítima
    sea power (country) potencia naval 2 (power) poderío naval
    sea trout trucha de mar, reo
    sea urchin erizo de mar
    sea ['si:] adj
    : del mar
    sea n
    1) : mar mf
    the Black Sea: el Mar Negro
    on the high seas: en alta mar
    heavy seas: mar gruesa, mar agitada
    2) mass: mar m, multitud f
    a sea of faces: un mar de rostros
    adj.
    • marinero, -a adj.
    • marino, -a adj.
    n.
    • mar s.f.
    • mar s.m.
    • océano s.m.
    siː
    1) c
    a) (often pl) ( ocean) mar m [The noun mar is feminine in literary language and in some set idiomatic expressions]

    a house by the sea — una casa a orillas del mar, una casa junto al mar

    to goavel by sea — ir*/viajar en barco

    to put (out) to sea — hacerse* a la mar

    to dump waste at sea — verter* desechos en el mar

    to feel/be at sea: this left him feeling completely at sea esto lo confundió totalmente; at first I was all at sea al principio me sentí totalmente perdido or confundido; (before n) <route, transport> marítimo; < battle> naval; < god> del mar; < nymph> marino; the sea air/breeze el aire/la brisa del mar; sea crossing — travesía f

    b) ( inland) mar m
    2) (swell, turbulence) (usu pl)

    heavy o rough seas — mar f gruesa, mar m agitado or encrespado or picado

    3) (large mass, quantity) (no pl)
    [siː]
    1. N
    1) (=not land) mar m (or f in some phrases)

    • (out) at sea — en alta mar

    to remain two months at sea — estar navegando durante dos meses, pasar dos meses en el mar

    • beside the sea — a la orilla del mar, junto al mar

    • beyond the seas — más allá de los mares

    • to go by sea — ir por mar

    a house by the sea — una casa junto al mar or a la orilla del mar

    • heavy sea(s) — mar agitado or picado

    • on the high seas — en alta mar

    • on the sea — (boat) en alta mar

    • rough sea(s) — mar agitado or picado

    • to sail the seas — navegar los mares

    • the seven seas — todos los mares del mundo

    • in Spanish seas — en aguas españolas

    • the little boat was swept out to sea — la barquita fue arrastrada mar adentro

    to go to sea — [person] hacerse marinero

    to put (out) to sea — [sailor, boat] hacerse a la mar, zarpar

    - be all at sea about or with sth
    north
    2) (fig)

    • a sea of blood — un río or mar de sangre

    • a sea of corn — un mar de espigas

    • a sea of faces — un mar de caras

    • a sea of flame — un mar de llamas

    • a sea of troubles — un mar de penas

    2.
    CPD

    sea air N — aire m de mar

    sea anemone N — anémona f de mar

    sea bass N — corvina f

    sea bathing N — baño m en el mar

    sea battle N — batalla f naval

    sea bed N — fondo m del mar, lecho m marino frm

    sea bird N — ave f marina

    sea boot N — bota f de marinero

    sea bream N — besugo m

    sea breeze N — brisa f marina

    sea captain N — capitán m de barco

    sea change N — (fig) viraje m, cambio m radical

    sea chest † N — cofre m

    sea coast N — litoral m, costa f marítima

    sea cow N — manatí m

    sea defences NPL — estructuras fpl de defensa (contra el mar)

    sea dog N — (lit, fig) lobo m de mar

    sea fight N — combate m naval

    sea fish N — pez m marino

    sea floor N — fondo m del mar

    sea front N — paseo m marítimo

    sea grass N — hierbas fpl marinas

    sea-green

    sea horse N — caballito m de mar, hipocampo m

    sea kale N — col f marina

    sea lamprey N — lamprea f marina

    sea lane N — ruta f marítima

    sea legs NPL —

    sea level N — nivel m del mar

    sea lion N — león m marino

    sea mist N — bruma f marina

    sea perch N — perca f de mar

    sea power N — potencia f naval

    sea room N — espacio m para maniobrar

    sea route N — ruta f marítima

    sea salt N — sal f marina

    sea scout N — scout m / f marino(-a)

    sea serpent N — serpiente f de mar

    sea transport N — transporte m por mar, transporte m marítimo

    sea trip N — viaje m por mar

    sea trout N — trucha f marina, reo m

    sea turtle N — (US) tortuga f de mar, tortuga f marina

    sea urchin N — erizo m de mar

    sea view N — (Brit) vistas fpl al mar

    sea wall N — malecón m, rompeolas m inv

    sea water N — agua f de mar

    sea wrack N — algas fpl (en la playa)

    * * *
    [siː]
    1) c
    a) (often pl) ( ocean) mar m [The noun mar is feminine in literary language and in some set idiomatic expressions]

    a house by the sea — una casa a orillas del mar, una casa junto al mar

    to go/travel by sea — ir*/viajar en barco

    to put (out) to sea — hacerse* a la mar

    to dump waste at sea — verter* desechos en el mar

    to feel/be at sea: this left him feeling completely at sea esto lo confundió totalmente; at first I was all at sea al principio me sentí totalmente perdido or confundido; (before n) <route, transport> marítimo; < battle> naval; < god> del mar; < nymph> marino; the sea air/breeze el aire/la brisa del mar; sea crossing — travesía f

    b) ( inland) mar m
    2) (swell, turbulence) (usu pl)

    heavy o rough seas — mar f gruesa, mar m agitado or encrespado or picado

    3) (large mass, quantity) (no pl)

    English-spanish dictionary > sea

  • 14 fight

    1. intransitive verb,
    1) (lit. or fig.) kämpfen; (with fists) sich schlagen

    fight shy of somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache aus dem Weg gehen

    2) (squabble) [sich] streiten, [sich] zanken ( about wegen)
    2. transitive verb,
    1) (in battle)

    fight somebody/something — gegen jemanden/etwas kämpfen; (using fists)

    fight somebody — sich mit jemandem schlagen; [Boxer:] gegen jemanden boxen

    2) (seek to overcome) bekämpfen; (resist)

    fight somebody/something — gegen jemanden/etwas ankämpfen

    3)

    be fighting a losing battle — (fig.) auf verlorenem Posten stehen od. kämpfen

    4) führen [Kampagne]; kandidieren bei [Wahl]
    5)

    fight one's way — sich (Dat.) den Weg freikämpfen; (fig.) sich (Dat.) seinen Weg bahnen

    fight one's way to the top — (fig.) sich an die Spitze kämpfen

    3. noun
    1) Kampf, der ( for um); (brawl) Schlägerei, die

    make a fight of it, put up a fight — sich wehren; (fig.) sich zur Wehr setzen

    give in without a fight — (fig.) klein beigeben

    2) (squabble) Streit, der
    3) (ability to fight) Kampffähigkeit, die; (appetite for fighting) Kampfgeist, der

    all the fight had gone out of him — (fig.) sein Kampfgeist war erloschen

    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/119957/fight_against">fight against
    * * *
    1. past tense, past participle - fought; verb
    1) (to act against (someone or something) with physical violence: The two boys are fighting over (= because of) some money they found.) kämpfen
    2) (to resist strongly; to take strong action to prevent: to fight a fire; We must fight against any attempt to deprive us of our freedom.) (be)kämpfen
    3) (to quarrel: His parents were always fighting.) streiten
    2. noun
    1) (an act of physical violence between people, countries etc: There was a fight going on in the street.) der Kampf
    2) (a struggle; action involving effort: the fight for freedom of speech; the fight against disease.) der Kampf
    3) (the will or strength to resist: There was no fight left in him.) der Kampfwille
    4) (a boxing-match.) der Boxkampf
    •
    - fighter
    - fight back
    - fight it out
    - fight off
    - fight one's way
    - fight shy of
    - put up a good fight
    * * *
    [faɪt]
    I. n
    1. (violent combat) Kampf m (against/for gegen/um + akk); (brawl) Rauferei f; (involving fists) Schlägerei f
    to give up without a \fight kampflos aufgeben
    2. BOXING Kampf m, Fight m
    3. MIL Gefecht nt ( against gegen + akk)
    4. (struggle, resistance) Kampf m (against/for gegen/um + akk)
    5. (quarrel) Streit
    to have a \fight on one's hands Ärger am Hals haben fam
    6. no pl (inclination) Kampfgeist m
    to knock [or take] the \fight out of sb jdm seinen Kampfgeist nehmen
    to show some \fight (defend oneself) Widerstand leisten, sich akk zur Wehr setzen; (show appetite for fighting) Kampfgeist demonstrieren, sich akk kampflustig zeigen
    7.
    ▶ \fight or flight! friss oder stirb! fam
    ▶ to put up a [good] \fight sich akk [tapfer] zur Wehr setzen
    to put up a \fight about sth sich akk gegen etw akk wehren
    II. vi
    <fought, fought>
    1. (combat violently) kämpfen
    the children were \fighting in the playground die Kinder rauften sich auf dem Spielplatz
    to \fight like cats and dogs wie Hund und Katze sein
    ▪ to \fight against/for sth/sb gegen/für etw/jdn kämpfen
    ▪ to \fight with each other miteinander kämpfen
    2. (wage war) kämpfen
    to \fight to the death auf Leben und Tod kämpfen
    to \fight to the bitter end bis zum bitteren Ende kämpfen
    to \fight to the finish bis zum Schluss [o letzten Augenblick] kämpfen
    ▪ to \fight on weiterkämpfen, den Kampf fortsetzen
    ▪ to \fight against/for sb/sth gegen/für jdn/etw kämpfen
    to \fight for the winning side für die Sieger kämpfen
    ▪ to \fight with sb (battle against) gegen jdn kämpfen; (battle on same side) an jds Seite kämpfen
    3. (quarrel) sich akk streiten
    ▪ to \fight about sb/sth sich akk über jdn/etw [o wegen einer Person/einer S. gen] streiten
    ▪ to \fight over sth/sb sich akk um etw/jdn streiten
    4. (struggle) kämpfen
    to \fight at [or in] an election bei einer Wahl kandidieren
    to \fight to clear one's name um seinen guten Ruf kämpfen
    ▪ to \fight against sth gegen etw akk [an]kämpfen, etw bekämpfen
    ▪ to \fight against sb gegen jdn [an]kämpfen
    ▪ to \fight for sth um etw akk kämpfen
    to \fight for breath nach Luft ringen
    to \fight for a cause für eine Sache kämpfen
    to \fight for life um sein Leben kämpfen
    5. BOXING boxen
    ▪ to \fight against sb gegen jdn boxen
    III. vt
    <fought, fought>
    ▪ to \fight sb/sth gegen jdn/etw kämpfen
    to \fight a delaying action den Feind im Kampf hinhalten
    to \fight a battle eine Schlacht schlagen
    to \fight a duel ein Duell austragen, sich akk duellieren
    to \fight ships/troops Schiffe/Truppen kommandieren
    3. (struggle to extinguish)
    to \fight a fire ein Feuer bekämpfen, gegen ein Feuer ankämpfen
    4. (strive to win)
    to \fight an action einen Prozess durchkämpfen
    to \fight a case in [or through] the courts einen Fall vor Gericht durchfechten; (strive to beat)
    ▪ to \fight sb for sth gegen jdn wegen einer S. gen einen Prozess führen
    5. (struggle against, resist)
    ▪ to \fight sth etw bekämpfen, gegen etw akk [an]kämpfen
    to \fight crime das Verbrechen bekämpfen
    to \fight a disease gegen eine Krankheit ankämpfen
    ▪ to \fight sb gegen jdn [an]kämpfen
    6. (in boxing)
    ▪ to \fight sb gegen jdn boxen
    to \fight one's way [out of sth] sich dat den Weg [aus etw dat] freikämpfen
    to \fight one's way through the crowd sich dat einen Weg durch die Menge bahnen
    to \fight one's way to the top sich akk an die Spitze kämpfen
    8.
    ▶ to not be able to \fight one's way out of a brown paper bag absolut bescheuert sein fam
    ▶ to \fight one's corner BRIT seinen Standpunkt verfechten
    ▶ to \fight fire with fire mit den gleichen Waffen kämpfen
    ▶ to \fight a losing battle auf verlorenem Posten kämpfen
    ▶ to \fight shy of sb/sth jdm/etw aus dem Weg gehen
    * * *
    [faɪt] vb: pret, ptp fought
    1. n
    1) (lit, fig) Kampf m; (= fist fight, scrap) Rauferei f, Prügelei f, Schlägerei f; (MIL) Gefecht nt; (= argument, row) Streit m

    to put up a good fight (lit, fig) — sich tapfer zur Wehr setzen, sich tapfer schlagen

    do you want a fight? — willst du was?, du willst dich wohl mit mir anlegen?

    if he wants a fight, then... (lit, fig) — wenn er Streit sucht, dann...

    he won't give in without a fight —

    in the fight against disease — im Kampf gegen die Krankheit

    he lost his fight for life —

    2) (= fighting spirit) Kampfgeist m
    2. vi
    kämpfen; (= have punch-up etc) raufen, sich prügeln, sich schlagen; (= argue with wife etc) sich streiten or zanken

    to fight for sb/sth — um jdn/etw kämpfen

    to fight for what one believes in — für seine Überzeugungen eintreten or streiten

    to go down fighting — sich nicht kampflos ergeben

    to fight shy of sth — einer Sache (dat) aus dem Weg gehen

    I've always fought shy of claiming that... — ich habe immer bewusst vermieden, zu behaupten...

    3. vt
    1) person kämpfen mit or gegen; (= have punch-up with) sich schlagen mit, sich prügeln mit; (in battle) kämpfen mit, sich (dat) ein Gefecht nt liefern mit
    2) fire, disease, cuts, policy, crime, inflation bekämpfen; decision ankämpfen gegen; corruption angehen gegen

    there's no point in fighting it, you can't win — es hat keinen Zweck, dagegen anzukämpfen, es ist aussichtslos

    she fought the urge to giggle — sie versuchte, sich das Kichern zu verkneifen

    3)

    to fight a duel — ein Duell nt austragen, sich duellieren

    to fight pitched battles — sich (dat) offene Gefechte liefern

    See:
    → also battle
    4) (MIL, NAUT: control in battle) army, ships kommandieren
    * * *
    fight [faıt]
    A s
    1. Kampf m:
    a) MIL Gefecht n
    b) Konflikt m, Streit m
    c) Ringen n ( for um):
    give sth up without a fight etwas kampflos aufgeben;
    lose the fight over den Kampf verlieren um;
    make (a) fight (for sth) (um etwas) kämpfen;
    put up a (good) fight einen (guten) Kampf liefern, sich tapfer schlagen;
    fight against drugs Drogenbekämpfung f;
    the fight against unemployment der Kampf gegen die Arbeitslosigkeit
    2. Boxen: Kampf m, Fight m:
    fight record Kampfrekord m
    3. Schlägerei f, Rauferei f:
    4. Kampffähigkeit f, Kampf(es)lust f:
    a) sich zur Wehr setzen,
    b) kampflustig sein;
    there was no fight left in him er war kampfmüde oder umg fertig;
    he still had a lot of fight in him er war noch lange nicht geschlagen
    B v/t prät und pperf fought [fɔːt]
    1. jemanden, etwas bekämpfen, bekriegen, kämpfen gegen
    2. einen Krieg, einen Prozess führen, eine Schlacht schlagen oder austragen, eine Sache ausfechten:
    fight it out es (untereinander) ausfechten; → battle Bes Redew, duel A, losing A 3
    3. etwas verfechten, sich einsetzen für
    4. kämpfen gegen oder mit, sich schlagen mit, SPORT auch boxen gegen jemanden:
    fight back ( oder down) seine Enttäuschung, Tränen etc unterdrücken;
    fight off jemanden, etwas abwehren, einen Vertreter etc abwimmeln umg;
    a) gegen eine Erkältung ankämpfen,
    b) eine Erkältung bekämpfen; → windmill A 1
    5. raufen oder sich prügeln mit
    6. erkämpfen:
    fight one’s way
    a) sich durchkämpfen ( through durch) (a. fig),
    b) fig seinen Weg machen, sich durchschlagen;
    fight one’s way to sth sich etwas erkämpfen
    7. Hunde etc kämpfen lassen, zum Kampf an- oder aufstacheln
    8. Truppen, Geschütze etc kommandieren, (im Kampf) führen
    C v/i
    1. kämpfen ( with oder against mit oder gegen; for um):
    fight against sth gegen etwas ankämpfen;
    fight back sich zur Wehr setzen oder wehren, zurückschlagen; → go down 2, shy1 A 3, A 5
    2. SPORT boxen
    3. sich raufen oder schlagen oder prügeln ( with mit)
    * * *
    1. intransitive verb,
    1) (lit. or fig.) kämpfen; (with fists) sich schlagen

    fight shy of somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache aus dem Weg gehen

    2) (squabble) [sich] streiten, [sich] zanken ( about wegen)
    2. transitive verb,

    fight somebody/something — gegen jemanden/etwas kämpfen; (using fists)

    fight somebody — sich mit jemandem schlagen; [Boxer:] gegen jemanden boxen

    2) (seek to overcome) bekämpfen; (resist)

    fight somebody/something — gegen jemanden/etwas ankämpfen

    3)

    be fighting a losing battle — (fig.) auf verlorenem Posten stehen od. kämpfen

    4) führen [Kampagne]; kandidieren bei [Wahl]
    5)

    fight one's way — sich (Dat.) den Weg freikämpfen; (fig.) sich (Dat.) seinen Weg bahnen

    fight one's way to the top — (fig.) sich an die Spitze kämpfen

    3. noun
    1) Kampf, der ( for um); (brawl) Schlägerei, die

    make a fight of it, put up a fight — sich wehren; (fig.) sich zur Wehr setzen

    give in without a fight — (fig.) klein beigeben

    2) (squabble) Streit, der
    3) (ability to fight) Kampffähigkeit, die; (appetite for fighting) Kampfgeist, der

    all the fight had gone out of him — (fig.) sein Kampfgeist war erloschen

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    Kampf ¨-e m.
    Schlacht -en f.
    Streit -e m. (battle) one's way through expr.
    sich durchboxen v. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: fought)
    = kämpfen v.
    sich streiten v.

    English-german dictionary > fight

  • 15 fight

    1. I
    abs boys (dogs, etc.) are fighting .мальчишки и т. д. дерутся; they set the cocks fighting они стравили петухов
    2. II
    1) fight in some manner fight resolutely (desperately, heroically, doggedly, to the finish, to the last, etc.) бороться решительно и т. д.; they fought to the death они сражались /боролись, стояли/ насмерть; fight tooth and nail сражаться не на жизнь, а на смерть; they fell fighting valiantly они мужественно пали в бою
    2) fight at some time my brother and sister often (always, never, etc.) fight мои брат и сестра часто и т. д. ссорятся
    3. III
    1) fight smth. fight the fire (the gale, fight disease, the vermin, that tendency of yours, etc.) бороться с пожаром и т. д.', you must fight their resistance (discontent) вы должны подавить их сопротивление (недовольство)
    2) fight smth., smb. fight a battle вести борьбу; участвовать в сражении; they fought a losing battle они вели бессмысленную / заранее обреченную на провал/ борьбу; fight a duel драться на дуэли; fight an enemy (this man, the opposition candidate, etc.) веста борьбу с врагом и т. д.
    3) fight smth. fight a prize оспаривать приз /награду/; fight a cause отстаивать какое-л. дело; he decided to fight that point он решил оспаривать этот пункт /дать бой по этому вопросу/; they fight everything I say что бы я ни сказал, они все встречают в штыки; I intend to fight that suit to the last я приму все меры, чтобы выиграть дело (в суде); fight a football match (a race) участвовать в футбольном матче (в соревнованиях по бегу); fight an election вести предвыборную борьбу; from now on you'll have to fight your own battles с этого времени тебе придется самому отстаивать свои интересы
    4) fight smb., smth. fight troops (reserves, etc.) маневрировать войсками и т. д.; fight a ship управлять кораблем; fight a gun вести огонь из орудия (в бою); fight a tank управлять танком (в бою)
    4. XI
    be fought at some place a bloody battle was fought near the frontier у границы произошло кровопролитное сражение; be fought in some manner the race (the match) was very closely fought гонки (соревнования) прошла в острой борьбе
    5. XIII
    fight to do smth. fight to preserve their freedom (to regain one's liberty, to have the right to decide for themselves, etc.) бороться /сражаться, веста бой/ за то, чтобы сохранить свободу /за сохранение свободы/ и т. д., the boys fought to prove their mettle мальчишки дрались, чтобы показать, какие они храбрые; we fought to gain more time мы стремились выиграть побольше времени
    6. XVI
    1) fight against /with/ smb., smth. fight against the enemy (against that country, with a person, against difficulties, against a disease, with temptations, with an evil, against nature, etc.) бороться с врагом /против врага/ и т. д.', England fought against /with/ Germany in two wars Англия дважды воевала с Германией; they fought against fearful odds они сражались против значительно превосходящих сил /в самых неблагоприятных условиях/; fight for smth. fight for one's country (for liberty, for one's independence, for peace, for one's rights, for justice against force, for higher wages and better conditions, for existence, for survival, etc.) бороться /сражаться/ за свою родину и т. д.; I know what I'm fighting for я знаю, за что сражаюсь; fight for one's life отчаянно драться, сражаться не на жизнь, а на смерть; fight for glory (for fame, for the prize, etc.) добиваться славы и т. д., стремиться к славе и т. д.; fight about /over/ smth. I think I'm right but I'm not going to fight about it думаю, что я прав, но не стану спорить; fight with smth. fight with swords (with the fists, etc.) драться на шпагах и т. д.; fight with revolvers стрелять друг в друга из револьверов; fight with bravery проявлять в бой /в борьбе/ храбрость; fight with success успешно сражаться; fight in smth. fight in the Franco-Prussian war (in the North African campaign, in the battle of X, in fifty seven battles, etc.) принимать участие /участвовать/ в франко-прусской войне и т. д., fight in a duel драться на дуэли; fight under smb. fight under General А. воевать под командованием генерала А.; fight in defence (on behalf) of smb., smth. fight in defence of the people бороться за свой народ; fight on behalf of a good cause бороться за правое дело
    2) fight with smb. have you been fighting with the boy next door again? ты опять подрался с соседским мальчиком?; fight with each other for a place драться друг с другом из-за места; fight over smith, fight over a bone (over a trifle, etc.) драться из-за кости и т.д.; fight over the box стараться отнять друг у друга коробку || fight among themselves ссориться, ругаться; they always fight among themselves вечно они воюют /дерутся, спорят/ между собой;
    7. XIX1
    fight like smb. fight like a lion (like a wild cat, like vultures over succession, etc.) драться как лев и т. д.
    8. XXI1
    fight smth., smb. with smb., smth. fight a battle with very few soldiers (with these weapons, with a small force, with no support to speak of, with facts and words, etc.) вести борьбу /сражение/ с горсткой солдат и т. д., fight smb. with his own weapons бить кого-л. его собственным оружием; fight one's wag (in)to (out of, through, etc.) smth. fight one's way into the town (into the building, etc.) ворваться /войти/ с боями в город и т. д., fight one's way through the bushes (through the snow, through the enemy's country, to the top, etc.) пробиться сквозь кустарник и т. д., fight one's way out of the crowd (out of the surrounded fort, etc.) вырваться из толпы и т. д.; fight one's way in life /in the world/ пробить себе дорогу в жизни; fight smth. at smth. fight a case at law отстаивать дело в суде || fight smb.'s battles for him заступаться /лезть в драку/ за кого-л.; отстаивать чьи-л. интересы

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > fight

  • 16 World War II

    (1939-1945)
       In the European phase of the war, neutral Portugal contributed more to the Allied victory than historians have acknowledged. Portugal experienced severe pressures to compromise her neutrality from both the Axis and Allied powers and, on several occasions, there were efforts to force Portugal to enter the war as a belligerent. Several factors lent Portugal importance as a neutral. This was especially the case during the period from the fall of France in June 1940 to the Allied invasion and reconquest of France from June to August 1944.
       In four respects, Portugal became briefly a modest strategic asset for the Allies and a war materiel supplier for both sides: the country's location in the southwesternmost corner of the largely German-occupied European continent; being a transport and communication terminus, observation post for spies, and crossroads between Europe, the Atlantic, the Americas, and Africa; Portugal's strategically located Atlantic islands, the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos; and having important mines of wolfram or tungsten ore, crucial for the war industry for hardening steel.
       To maintain strict neutrality, the Estado Novo regime dominated by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar performed a delicate balancing act. Lisbon attempted to please and cater to the interests of both sets of belligerents, but only to the extent that the concessions granted would not threaten Portugal's security or its status as a neutral. On at least two occasions, Portugal's neutrality status was threatened. First, Germany briefly considered invading Portugal and Spain during 1940-41. A second occasion came in 1943 and 1944 as Great Britain, backed by the United States, pressured Portugal to grant war-related concessions that threatened Portugal's status of strict neutrality and would possibly bring Portugal into the war on the Allied side. Nazi Germany's plan ("Operation Felix") to invade the Iberian Peninsula from late 1940 into 1941 was never executed, but the Allies occupied and used several air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands.
       The second major crisis for Portugal's neutrality came with increasing Allied pressures for concessions from the summer of 1943 to the summer of 1944. Led by Britain, Portugal's oldest ally, Portugal was pressured to grant access to air and naval bases in the Azores Islands. Such bases were necessary to assist the Allies in winning the Battle of the Atlantic, the naval war in which German U-boats continued to destroy Allied shipping. In October 1943, following tedious negotiations, British forces began to operate such bases and, in November 1944, American forces were allowed to enter the islands. Germany protested and made threats, but there was no German attack.
       Tensions rose again in the spring of 1944, when the Allies demanded that Lisbon cease exporting wolfram to Germany. Salazar grew agitated, considered resigning, and argued that Portugal had made a solemn promise to Germany that wolfram exports would be continued and that Portugal could not break its pledge. The Portuguese ambassador in London concluded that the shipping of wolfram to Germany was "the price of neutrality." Fearing that a still-dangerous Germany could still attack Portugal, Salazar ordered the banning of the mining, sale, and exports of wolfram not only to Germany but to the Allies as of 6 June 1944.
       Portugal did not enter the war as a belligerent, and its forces did not engage in combat, but some Portuguese experienced directly or indirectly the impact of fighting. Off Portugal or near her Atlantic islands, Portuguese naval personnel or commercial fishermen rescued at sea hundreds of victims of U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping in the Atlantic. German U-boats sank four or five Portuguese merchant vessels as well and, in 1944, a U-boat stopped, boarded, searched, and forced the evacuation of a Portuguese ocean liner, the Serpa Pinto, in mid-Atlantic. Filled with refugees, the liner was not sunk but several passengers lost their lives and the U-boat kidnapped two of the ship's passengers, Portuguese Americans of military age, and interned them in a prison camp. As for involvement in a theater of war, hundreds of inhabitants were killed and wounded in remote East Timor, a Portuguese colony near Indonesia, which was invaded, annexed, and ruled by Japanese forces between February 1942 and August 1945. In other incidents, scores of Allied military planes, out of fuel or damaged in air combat, crashed or were forced to land in neutral Portugal. Air personnel who did not survive such crashes were buried in Portuguese cemeteries or in the English Cemetery, Lisbon.
       Portugal's peripheral involvement in largely nonbelligerent aspects of the war accelerated social, economic, and political change in Portugal's urban society. It strengthened political opposition to the dictatorship among intellectual and working classes, and it obliged the regime to bolster political repression. The general economic and financial status of Portugal, too, underwent improvements since creditor Britain, in order to purchase wolfram, foods, and other materials needed during the war, became indebted to Portugal. When Britain repaid this debt after the war, Portugal was able to restore and expand its merchant fleet. Unlike most of Europe, ravaged by the worst war in human history, Portugal did not suffer heavy losses of human life, infrastructure, and property. Unlike even her neighbor Spain, badly shaken by its terrible Civil War (1936-39), Portugal's immediate postwar condition was more favorable, especially in urban areas, although deep-seated poverty remained.
       Portugal experienced other effects, especially during 1939-42, as there was an influx of about a million war refugees, an infestation of foreign spies and other secret agents from 60 secret intelligence services, and the residence of scores of international journalists who came to report the war from Lisbon. There was also the growth of war-related mining (especially wolfram and tin). Portugal's media eagerly reported the war and, by and large, despite government censorship, the Portuguese print media favored the Allied cause. Portugal's standard of living underwent some improvement, although price increases were unpopular.
       The silent invasion of several thousand foreign spies, in addition to the hiring of many Portuguese as informants and spies, had fascinating outcomes. "Spyland" Portugal, especially when Portugal was a key point for communicating with occupied Europe (1940-44), witnessed some unusual events, and spying for foreigners at least briefly became a national industry. Until mid-1944, when Allied forces invaded France, Portugal was the only secure entry point from across the Atlantic to Europe or to the British Isles, as well as the escape hatch for refugees, spies, defectors, and others fleeing occupied Europe or Vichy-controlled Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Through Portugal by car, ship, train, or scheduled civil airliner one could travel to and from Spain or to Britain, or one could leave through Portugal, the westernmost continental country of Europe, to seek refuge across the Atlantic in the Americas.
       The wartime Portuguese scene was a colorful melange of illegal activities, including espionage, the black market, war propaganda, gambling, speculation, currency counterfeiting, diamond and wolfram smuggling, prostitution, and the drug and arms trade, and they were conducted by an unusual cast of characters. These included refugees, some of whom were spies, smugglers, diplomats, and business people, many from foreign countries seeking things they could find only in Portugal: information, affordable food, shelter, and security. German agents who contacted Allied sailors in the port of Lisbon sought to corrupt and neutralize these men and, if possible, recruit them as spies, and British intelligence countered this effort. Britain's MI-6 established a new kind of "safe house" to protect such Allied crews from German espionage and venereal disease infection, an approved and controlled house of prostitution in Lisbon's bairro alto district.
       Foreign observers and writers were impressed with the exotic, spy-ridden scene in Lisbon, as well as in Estoril on the Sun Coast (Costa do Sol), west of Lisbon harbor. What they observed appeared in noted autobiographical works and novels, some written during and some after the war. Among notable writers and journalists who visited or resided in wartime Portugal were Hungarian writer and former communist Arthur Koestler, on the run from the Nazi's Gestapo; American radio broadcaster-journalist Eric Sevareid; novelist and Hollywood script-writer Frederick Prokosch; American diplomat George Kennan; Rumanian cultural attache and later scholar of mythology Mircea Eliade; and British naval intelligence officer and novelist-to-be Ian Fleming. Other notable visiting British intelligence officers included novelist Graham Greene; secret Soviet agent in MI-6 and future defector to the Soviet Union Harold "Kim" Philby; and writer Malcolm Muggeridge. French letters were represented by French writer and airman, Antoine Saint-Exupery and French playwright, Jean Giroudoux. Finally, Aquilino Ribeiro, one of Portugal's premier contemporary novelists, wrote about wartime Portugal, including one sensational novel, Volframio, which portrayed the profound impact of the exploitation of the mineral wolfram on Portugal's poor, still backward society.
       In Estoril, Portugal, the idea for the world's most celebrated fictitious spy, James Bond, was probably first conceived by Ian Fleming. Fleming visited Portugal several times after 1939 on Naval Intelligence missions, and later he dreamed up the James Bond character and stories. Background for the early novels in the James Bond series was based in part on people and places Fleming observed in Portugal. A key location in Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953) is the gambling Casino of Estoril. In addition, one aspect of the main plot, the notion that a spy could invent "secret" intelligence for personal profit, was observed as well by the British novelist and former MI-6 officer, while engaged in operations in wartime Portugal. Greene later used this information in his 1958 spy novel, Our Man in Havana, as he observed enemy agents who fabricated "secrets" for money.
       Thus, Portugal's World War II experiences introduced the country and her people to a host of new peoples, ideas, products, and influences that altered attitudes and quickened the pace of change in this quiet, largely tradition-bound, isolated country. The 1943-45 connections established during the Allied use of air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands were a prelude to Portugal's postwar membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > World War II

  • 17 day

    noun
    1) Tag, der

    all day [long] — den ganzen Tag [lang]

    take all day — (fig.) eine Ewigkeit brauchen

    all day and every day — tagaus, tagein

    to this day, from that day to this — bis zum heutigen Tag

    for two days — zwei Tage [lang]

    what's the day or what day is it today? — welcher Tag ist heute?

    in a day/two days — (within) in od. an einem Tag/in zwei Tagen

    [on] the day after/before — am Tag danach/davor

    [the] next/[on] the following/[on] the previous day — am nächsten/folgenden/vorhergehenden Tag

    the day before yesterday/after tomorrow — vorgestern/übermorgen

    from this/that day [on] — von heute an/von diesem Tag an

    one of these [fine] days — eines [schönen] Tages

    some day — eines Tages; irgendwann einmal

    day by day, from day to day — von Tag zu Tag

    day in day out — tagaus, tagein

    call it a day — (end work) Feierabend machen; (more generally) Schluss machen

    at the end of the day — (fig.) letzten Endes

    it's not my day — ich habe [heute] einen schlechten Tag

    2) in sing. or pl. (period)

    in the days when... — zu der Zeit, als...

    in those days — damals; zu jener Zeit

    have seen/known better days — bessere Tage gesehen/gekannt haben

    in one's day — zu seiner Zeit; (during lifetime) in seinem Leben

    every dog has its day — jeder hat einmal seine Chance

    it has had its day — es hat ausgedient (ugs.)

    3) (victory)

    win or carry the day — den Sieg davontragen

    * * *
    [dei] 1. noun
    1) (the period from sunrise to sunset: She worked all day; The days are warm but the nights are cold.) der Tag
    2) (a part of this period eg that part spent at work: How long is your working day?; The school day ends at 3 o'clock; I see him every day.) der Tag
    3) (the period of twenty-four hours from one midnight to the next: How many days are in the month of September?) der Tag
    4) ((often in plural) the period of, or of the greatest activity, influence, strength etc of (something or someone): in my grandfather's day; in the days of steam-power.) die Tage (pl.)
    •
    - academic.ru/18551/daybreak">daybreak
    - day-dream 2. verb
    She often day-dreams.) mit offenen Augen träumen
    - daylight
    - day school
    - daytime
    - call it a day
    - day by day
    - day in
    - day out
    - make someone's day
    - one day
    - some day
    - the other day
    * * *
    [deɪ]
    n
    1. (24 hours) Tag m
    my birthday is ten \days from now heute in zehn Tagen habe ich Geburtstag
    what a \day! was für ein Tag!
    you're forty if you're a \day ( fam) du bist mindestens vierzig [Jahre alt]
    you don't look a \day over forty Sie sehen kein bisschen älter als vierzig aus
    we're expecting the response any \day now die Antwort kann jetzt jeden Tag kommen
    today is not my \day heute ist nicht mein Tag
    today of all \days ausgerechnet heute
    for a few \days auf ein paar Tage, für einige Tage
    in a few \days[' time] in einigen [o in ein paar] Tagen
    from one \day to the next (suddenly) von heute auf morgen; (in advance) im Voraus
    from one \day to the other von einem Tag auf den anderen
    one \day eines Tages
    to be one of those \days einer dieser unglückseligen Tage sein
    the other \day neulich, vor einigen Tagen
    some \day irgendwann [einmal]
    \day in, \day out tagaus, tagein
    from this \day forth von heute an
    from that \day on[wards] von dem Tag an
    the \day after tomorrow übermorgen
    the \day before yesterday vorgestern
    \day after \day Tag für Tag, tagtäglich
    \day by \day Tag für Tag
    by the \day von Tag zu Tag
    from \day to \day von Tag zu Tag
    to the \day auf den Tag genau
    to this \day bis heute
    these \days (recently) in letzter Zeit; (nowadays) heutzutage, heute; (at the moment) zurzeit
    one of these \days eines Tages; (soon) demnächst [einmal]; (some time or other) irgendwann [einmal]
    2. ECON (work period) Tag m
    he works three \days on, two \days off er arbeitet drei Tage und hat dann zwei Tage frei
    I have a full \day tomorrow morgen ist mein Tag randvoll mit Terminen, morgen habe ich einen anstrengenden Tag
    working \day Arbeitstag m
    all \day den ganzen Tag
    to work an eight-hour \day acht Stunden am Tag arbeiten
    to take a \day off einen Tag freinehmen
    3. (not night) Tag m
    all \day [long] den ganzen Tag [über [o lang]]
    \day and night Tag und Nacht
    a sunny/wet \day ein sonniger/regnerischer Tag
    by \day tagsüber, während des Tages
    4. (former time) Zeit f
    those were the \days das waren noch Zeiten
    to have seen better \days schon bessere Tage [o Zeiten] gesehen haben
    in the old \days früher
    in the good old \days in der guten alten Zeit
    to have had one's \day seine [beste] Zeit gehabt haben
    in the \days before/of/when... zur Zeit vor/des/, als...
    in those \days damals
    in/since sb's \day zu/seit jds Zeit
    things have quite changed since my \day seit meiner Zeit hat sich einiges verändert
    in my younger/student \days... als ich noch jung/Student war,...
    5. no pl (present)
    in this \day and age heutzutage
    of the \day Tages-
    the news of the \day die Tagesnachrichten [o Nachrichten von heute
    6. (life)
    ▪ sb's \days pl jds Leben nt
    her \days are numbered ihre Tage sind gezählt
    to end one's \days in poverty sein Leben [o geh seine Tage] in Armut beschließen
    in all my [born] \days in meinem ganzen Leben
    until my/her dying \day bis an mein/ihr Lebensende
    7. (special date) Tag m
    \day of Atonement [jüdisches] Versöhnungsfest
    the \day of Judg[e]ment der Jüngste Tag
    8.
    ▶ any \day jederzeit
    I can beat you any \day! ( fam) dich kann ich jederzeit schlagen!
    ▶ back in the \day AM (sl) in der Vergangenheit
    ▶ the big \day der große Tag
    ▶ to call it a \day Schluss machen [für heute]
    ▶ to carry [or win] the \day den Sieg davontragen geh
    ▶ at the end of the \day (in the final analysis) letzten Endes; (finally, eventually) schließlich, zum Schluss
    ▶ to make sb's \day jds Tag retten
    ▶ to name the \day den Hochzeitstermin festsetzen, den Tag der Hochzeit festlegen
    ▶ to be like night and \day wie Tag und Nacht sein
    ▶ sb's \days [as sth] are numbered jds Tage [als etw] sind gezählt
    ▶ from \day one von Anfang an, vom ersten Tag an
    ▶ to pass the time of \day plaudern, SÜDD, ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ a. plauschen
    ▶ that will be the \day! ( fam) das möchte ich zu gern[e] einmal erleben! fam
    ▶ to be all in a \day's work zum Alltag gehören
    * * *
    [deɪ]
    n
    1) Tag m

    it will arrive any day now — es muss jeden Tag kommen

    what day is it today? — welcher Tag ist heute?, was haben wir heute?

    the day after/before, the following/previous day — am Tag danach/zuvor, am (darauf)folgenden/vorhergehenden Tag

    one day we went swimming, and the next... — einen Tag gingen wir schwimmen, und den nächsten...

    one of these days — irgendwann (einmal), eines Tages

    day in, day out — tagein, tagaus

    day after day — Tag für Tag, tagtäglich

    day by day — jeden Tag, täglich

    to work day and night —

    have a nice day! — viel Spaß!; ( esp US, said by storekeeper etc ) schönen Tag noch!

    did you have a good day at the office? —

    to have a good/bad day — einen guten/schlechten Tag haben

    what a day! (terrible) — so ein fürchterlicher Tag!; (lovely) so ein herrlicher Tag!

    on a wet/dry day — an einem regnerischen/trockenen Tag

    to work an eight-hour day — einen Achtstundentag haben, acht Stunden am Tag arbeiten

    See:
    → make
    2)

    (period of time: often pl) these days — heute, heutzutage

    in days to come — künftig, in künftigen Zeiten or Tagen (geh)

    in Queen Victoria's day, in the days of Queen Victoria — zu Königin Viktorias Zeiten

    it's early days yet —

    he/this material has seen better days — er/dieser Stoff hat (auch) schon bessere Zeiten or Tage gesehen

    3)

    (with poss adj = lifetime, best time) famous in her day — in ihrer Zeit berühmt

    4) no pl

    (= contest, battle) to win or carry the day — den Sieg bringen

    to lose/save the day — den Kampf verlieren/retten

    * * *
    day [deı] s
    1. Tag m (Ggs Nacht):
    it is broad day es ist heller Tag;
    before day vor Tagesanbruch;
    (as) clear as day
    a) taghell,
    b) auch (as) plain as day fig sonnenklar;
    good day! bes obs guten Tag!
    2. Tag m (Zeitraum):
    three days from London drei Tage(reisen) von London entfernt;
    one-day eintägig;
    work a four-day week vier Tage in der Woche arbeiten;
    five-day week Fünftagewoche f;
    open 7 days per week täglich geöffnet;
    I haven’t got all day umg ich hab nicht den ganzen Tag Zeit;
    (as) happy as the day is long wunschlos glücklich;
    (as) merry as the day is long quietschvergnügt umg; → honest A 1, respite A 1, rest1 A 2
    3. (bestimmter) Tag:
    till the day of his death bis zu seinem Todestag;
    since the day dot umg seit einer Ewigkeit;
    first day at ( oder of) school erster Schultag; → departure 1 b, New Year’s Day, etc
    4. Empfangs-, Besuchstag m
    5. a) (festgesetzter) Tag, Termin m:
    day of delivery Liefertermin, -tag;
    keep one’s day obs pünktlich sein
    b) SPORT Spieltag m
    6. meist pl (Lebens)Zeit f, Zeiten pl, Tage pl:
    in my young days in meinen Jugendtagen;
    in those days in jenen Tagen, damals;
    in the days of old vorzeiten, in alten Zeiten, einst;
    end one’s days seine Tage beschließen, sterben;
    all the days of one’s life sein ganzes Leben lang;
    a) das Tanzen habe ich aufgegeben,
    b) mit dem Tanzen geht es bei mir nicht mehr
    7. meist pl (beste) Zeit (des Lebens), Glanzzeit f:
    in our day zu unserer Zeit;
    every dog has his day (Sprichwort) jedem lacht einmal das Glück;
    have had one’s day sich überlebt haben, am Ende sein;
    he has had his day seine beste Zeit ist vorüber;
    the machine has had its day die Maschine hat ausgedient;
    those were the days! das waren noch Zeiten!
    8. ARCH Öffnung f, Lichte f (eines Fensters etc)
    9. Bergbau: Tag mBesondere Redewendungen: day after day Tag für Tag;
    a) tags darauf, am nächsten oder folgenden Tag,
    b) der nächste Tag;
    (day and) day about einen um den andern Tag, jeden zweiten Tag;
    day and night Tag und Nacht arbeiten etc;
    any day jeden Tag;
    any day (of the week) umg jederzeit;
    a) tags zuvor,
    b) der vorhergehende Tag;
    it was days before he came es vergingen oder es dauerte Tage, ehe er kam;
    by day, during the day bei Tag(e);
    a) tageweise,
    b) im Tagelohn arbeiten;
    day by day (tag)täglich, Tag für Tag, jeden Tag wieder;
    call it a day umg (für heute) Schluss machen;
    let’s call it a day! Feierabend!, Schluss für heute!;
    a) den Sieg davontragen,
    b) fig die Oberhand gewinnen;
    lose the day den Kampf verlieren;
    fall on evil days ins Unglück geraten;
    a) von Tag zu Tag, zusehends,
    b) von einem Tag zum anderen;
    day in, day out tagaus, tagein; immerfort;
    ask sb the time of day jemanden nach der Uhrzeit fragen;
    give sb the time of day jemandem guten Tag sagen;
    know the time of day wissen, was die Glocke geschlagen hat; Bescheid wissen;
    live for the day sorglos in den Tag hinein leben;
    that made my day umg damit war der Tag für mich gerettet;
    save the day die Lage retten;
    (in) these days, in this day and age heutzutage;
    one of these (fine) days demnächst, nächstens (einmal), eines schönen Tages;
    a) heute in einer Woche,
    b) heute vor einer Woche;
    to this day bis auf den heutigen Tag;
    to a day auf den Tag genau
    d. abk
    1. date
    3. day
    5. denarius, denarii pl, = penny, pence pl
    6. PHYS density
    7. died
    8. US dime
    * * *
    noun
    1) Tag, der

    all day [long] — den ganzen Tag [lang]

    take all day — (fig.) eine Ewigkeit brauchen

    all day and every day — tagaus, tagein

    to this day, from that day to this — bis zum heutigen Tag

    for two days — zwei Tage [lang]

    what's the day or what day is it today? — welcher Tag ist heute?

    in a day/two days — (within) in od. an einem Tag/in zwei Tagen

    [on] the day after/before — am Tag danach/davor

    [the] next/[on] the following/[on] the previous day — am nächsten/folgenden/vorhergehenden Tag

    the day before yesterday/after tomorrow — vorgestern/übermorgen

    from this/that day [on] — von heute an/von diesem Tag an

    one of these [fine] days — eines [schönen] Tages

    some day — eines Tages; irgendwann einmal

    day by day, from day to day — von Tag zu Tag

    day in day out — tagaus, tagein

    call it a day — (end work) Feierabend machen; (more generally) Schluss machen

    at the end of the day — (fig.) letzten Endes

    it's not my day — ich habe [heute] einen schlechten Tag

    2) in sing. or pl. (period)

    in the days when... — zu der Zeit, als...

    in those days — damals; zu jener Zeit

    have seen/known better days — bessere Tage gesehen/gekannt haben

    in one's day — zu seiner Zeit; (during lifetime) in seinem Leben

    win or carry the day — den Sieg davontragen

    * * *
    n.
    Tag -e m.

    English-german dictionary > day

  • 18 call

    1. I
    1) 1 heard smb. calling я слышал, что кто-то звал /кричал/; did you hear me call? вы слышали, как я звал?; obey when duty calls подчиняться требованию долга /, когда призывает долг/; [this is] London calling говорит Лондон
    2) did anybody call? кто-нибудь приходил /был/?; he was out when I called его не было [дома], когда я заходил
    2. II
    call at some time call often (seldom, again, etc.) заходить /наведываться/ часто и т. д.; I'll call tomorrow я забегу завтра; has the laundry called yet? из прачечной уже приезжали?; very few neighbours have called yet нас пока навестили еще очень немногие соседи; call somewhere call there заходить туда; all sorts of people call here сюда заходят всякие люди
    3. III
    1) call smb., smth. call a dog (the boys, etc.) звать /окликать, подзывать/ собаку и т. д.; I called him but he didn't hear me я крикнул ему, но он меня не услышал; your mother is calling you тебя зовет мать; call a doctor (a witness, the police, a taxi, etc.) вызывать врача и т. д., call smb.'s name окликать кого-л. по имени, выкрикивать чье-л. имя; call a register делать перекличку; call a meeting созывать собрание; call a strike объявлять забастовку
    2) call smb., smth. usually in the interrogative what are you going to call the baby? как вы собираетесь назвать ребенка?; what do you call this flower? как называется этот цветок?; I don't know what to call it не знаю, как это назвать
    3) call smb. will you call me or shall I call you? вы мне позвоните или я вам?
    4. IV
    1) call smb. in some manner call smb. persistently (urgently, frantically, etc.) настоятельно и т. д. звать кого-л.; call smb. together созывать кого-л.; call smb. somewhere call smb. aside отзывать кого-л. в сторону; call smb. down попросить кого-л. сойти вниз; call smb. in
    приглашать кого-л. войти; call the children in позовите детей домой /в дом/; call smb. at some time he asked to call him early он просил разбудить его рано
    2) call smb. at some time please call me tomorrow пожалуйста, позвоните мне завтра [по телефону]
    5. V
    1) call smb. smth., smb. call smb. a taxi (a cab, a doctor, etc.) вызывать кому-л. /для кого-л./ такси и т. д.
    2) call smb. smth., smb. call the baby Mary (the dog Rex, etc.) называть ребенка [именем] Мэри и т. д.; his name is Richard but we all call him Dick его имя Ричард, но мы все зовем его Диком; call smb. a liar (a fool, a rogue, a child, everything under the sun, a miser, an ass, etc.) называть /обзывать/ кого-л. лжецом и т. д.).
    3) call smth. smb., smth. call it a swindle (that a low-down trick, her a slut, that a shame, this a very good house, etc.) считать /называть/ это мошенничеством и т. д.; do you call English an easy language? вы считаете /можете назвать/ английский язык легким?; I call that show a success по-моему, спектакль имел успех; this is what I call real coffee вот это я называю настоящим кофе
    6. VI
    call smth. as possessing some quality call smth. fair (dishonest, mean, nice, etc.) считать что-л. справедливым и т. д.; I don't call this cheap я не нахожу, что это дешево
    7. VII
    call smb. to do smth. call the police to stop the fight (him to witness the event, etc.) позвать полицию, чтобы прекратить драку и т. д., call smth. to do smth. he called her name to see if she was at home он позвал ее по имени, чтобы проверить, дома ли она /чтобы убедиться, что она дома/
    8. XI
    1) be called in some manner the singer was called three times певца вызывали три раза; be called somewhere be called to the manager (before the judge, before the committee, to the Ministry, etc.) быть вызванным к управляющему и т. д.; I was called home on urgent business меня вызвали домой по срочному делу; the ambassador was called home посол был отозван; be called to smth. his attention was called to the dangerous state of the building ему указали /его внимание обратили/ на аварийное состояние здания; the meeting was called to order by the chairman председатель призвал собрание к порядку; be called for some time the meeting was called for Monday собрание было назначено на понедельник be called into being быть вызванным к жизни, возникнуть; the plant was called into being by war requirements этот завод появился в ответ на требования военного времени
    2) be called smth. be called John (Магу, etc.) зваться Джоном и т. д.; what is it called? как это называется?; the book is called "The Gadfly" книга называется "Овод"; be called after smb. fin smb.'s honour/ be called after smb.'s mother (after smb.'s uncle, etc.) быть названным в честь матери и т. д.
    3) be called smb., smth. be called the best writer of the period (a scholar, an outstanding scientist, a marvel, the most beautiful city, etc.) считаться /слыть/ лучшим писателем своего времени и т. д.; Chaucer is called the Father of English Poetry Чосера называют отцом английской поэзии
    4) be called (up)on [by smb.]' I don't like to be called on before 11 a. m. я не люблю, когда ко мне приходят до одиннадцати утра; we were called on by the neighbours нас навестили /к нам зашли/ соседи; be called for the letter (the parcel, books, etc.) will be called for за письмом и т. д. придут /зайдут/; this envelope is to be left till called for конверт лежит /остается/ здесь, пока за ним не придут
    5) be called for strong measures (drastic steps, etc.) are called for необходимы /нужны, требуются/ решительные меры и т. д.; you must take such steps as seem to be called for вы должны предпринять необходимые шаги; an explanation is called for a данном случае не обойтись без объяснений; no excuses are called for объяснений не требуется; if a second edition is called for если возникнет необходимость во втором издании; be called (up)on to do smth. be called upon to speak (to do so many things, to take part in it, etc.) оказаться вынужденным выступить и т. д.; my friend was called upon to make a report моего друга попросили выступить с отчетом /с докладом/; he felt called upon to speak он счел себя не в праве промолчать; I was never called on to play мне ни разу не пришлось играть; I feel called upon to warn you я чувствую себя обязанным предупредить вас
    9. XIII
    call to do smth. I called to see how you were (to see you, to know whether you wanted anything, etc.) я заходил, чтобы узнать, как вы поживаете и т. д.', а man has called to read the electric power meter приходил какой-то человек снять показания счетчика
    10. XVI
    1) call for smth., smb. call for a taxi (for a cab, etc.) позвать /остановить/ такси и т. д., call for help звать на помощь; call for smb. звать кого-л.; call to smb. I called to him but he appeared not to hear я его окликнул, но он, казалось, не слышал; call to smb. to do smth. /for smth./ he called to me to help /for help/ он позвал меня на помощь; call to smth. the trumpet called to battle труба звала в бой; call from some place call from the roof (from downstairs, from upstairs, etc.) кричать с крыши и т. д.; call across smth. call across a river (across the street, across the hall, etc.) звать /кричать/ с того берега реки и т. д.', call upon smb. I now call upon Mr. Smith я предоставляю слово господину Смиту, слово имеет господин Смит
    2) call at some place call at smb.'s house (at the hotel, at an office, at a shop, at the library, etc.) заходить к кому-л. домой и т. д.;I will call at the post office on my way home я зайду на почту по дороге домой; the train calls at every station поезд останавливается на каждой станции; the boat calls at intermediate ports пароход заходит в промежуточные порты; call (up)on smb. call on a friend (on us, on him without an invitation, on her with a letter of introduction, etc.) заходить к другу /приятелю/ и т. д.', I shall call on him personally я сам к нему загляну; they are not people one can call upon они не такие люди, к которым можно зайти запросто; we must call on our new neighbour нам надо навестить нашего нового соседа; call at some time call at noon (at three o'clock, etc.) заходить в полдень и т. д.; call for some time call for a moment (for a minute, etc.) зайти / заскочить/ на минутку и т. д.; call for smth., smb. call for the parcel (for one's pipe, for her, etc.) заходить за посылкой и т. д., call for orders явиться за указаниями; he called for me with a car он заехал за мной на машине; I'll call for you at your house я заеду или зайду за вами домой
    3) callf rom some place call from a pay booth (from a pay station, from Leningrad, etc.) (по-)звонить [по телефону] из автомата и т. д.
    4) call on smb. I hope we shall not have to call on you я надеюсь, нам не придется прибегать к вашим услугам, обращаться к вам [за помощью]; call ( up)on smth. call on smb.'s help (on smb.'s services, etc.) прибегать к чьей-л. помощи и т. д.; call on smb.'s knowledge (on smb.'s skill, etc.) использовать чьи-л. звания и т.д., I had to call upon all my strength мне пришлось напрячь все силы; call on smb. for smth. call on you for help (on him for a hundred pounds, on her for an explanation, etc.) обращаться к вам за помощью и т. д., call on him for a speech просить его выступить; call (up)on smb. to do smth. call upon us to help / (up)on us to give assistance/ (upon them to defend the country, upon the rebels to surrender, etc.) взывать к нам о помощи и т. д.; you must call on him to apologize вы должны потребовать, чтобы он извинился; the teacher called on him to answer учитель вызвал его отвечать
    5) call for smth. call for a discussion (for a three-power conference, for an increase of salary, for reduction of prices, etc.) выступать с требованием провести дискуссию /обсуждение/ и т. д.; call for drastic measures (for prompt action, for immediate solution, for a cool head, etc.) требовать решительных мер и т. д.; the situation calls for tact and patience в такой ситуации необходимы такт и терпение /нужно вооружиться тактом и терпением/; the results of the experiment called for a discussion было необходимо обсудить результаты опыта
    11. XVIII
    call oneself smb., smth. call oneself a colonel (a philosopher, a scholar, etc.) называть себя полковником и т.д., назваться полковником и т. д.
    12. XXI1
    1) call smb. (in)to smth. call the children into the house (the messenger into the office, the girl (in)to the garden, etc.) звать детей в дом и т. д.; will you call the family to dinner? будьте добры позвать всех обедать; they called him to the Ministry его вызвали в министерство; call smth. smb. for smb. call a taxi for me (a doctor for him, etc.) вызовите мне такси и т.д., would you call the porter for me? будьте добры, позовите мне носильщика; call smb. by smth. call him by wireless (her by a letter, etc.) вызвать его телеграммой и т. д., call smb. at some time call smb. at six o'clock (early in the morning, etc.) (разбудить кого-л. в шесть часов и т. д.; call smth. for fame time call a meeting for August (the session for three o'clock, etc.) созывать /назначать/ собрание на август и т. д.
    2) call smth., smb. to smth. call the meeting to order (the class to order, etc.) призывать собрание к порядку и т. д.; three times during the lesson the teacher had to call one of the pupils to attention три раза за время урока преподавателю пришлось обратиться к ученику /окликнуть ученика/, чтобы он не отвлекался; call smb. to account призвать кого-л. к ответу; call smth., smb. to mind вспоминать что-л., кого-л.; I can't call this scene to mind я не могу вспомнить эту сцену; call smb.'s attention to the picture (to the unusual man, etc.) обращать чье-л. внимание на картину и т.д., please call attention to any errors that you find просьба сообщать о всех замеченных ошибках; she tried not to call attention to herself она старалась не привлекать к себе внимания
    3) || call smth. into being /into existence/ создать что-л., вызвать /пробудить/ что-л. к жизни; better living conditions called into being new and wider Interest вследствие улучшения условий жизни возникли / появились/ новые, более широкие интересы
    4) call smb. by some name call the child by the name of Paul (him by his brother's name, etc.) назвать ребенка именем Поль /Полем/ и т. д.; don't call me by my first name не называйте меня no имени; call smb., smth. after smb., smth. call the child after his father (the town after the first settler, etc.) называть ребенка именем /в честь/ отца и т. д.; call smth. in some language what do you call this in Russian? как это называется по-русски? id call things by their true /proper/ names называть вещи своими именами
    5) call smb. from somewhere call smb. from London (from out of town, etc.) (позвонить кому-л. из Лондона и т. д.; I am calling from a pay station я звоню) с переговорной || call smb. on the telephone позвонить кому-л. по телефону
    13. XXVI
    1) call smth. what... you can call it what you like можете называть это, как хотите
    2) call smb. when... (if..., etc.) call me when you arrive (if he comes, etc.) позвоните мне, когда приедете и т. д.
    14. XXVII2
    1) call on smb. while... (when..., etc.) someone called on you while /when/ you were out кто-то приходил к вам, пока вас не было

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > call

  • 19 half

    1.
    [hɑːf]noun, pl. halves [hɑːvz]
    1) (part) Hälfte, die

    half [of something] — die Hälfte [von etwas]

    I've only half left — ich habe nur noch die Hälfte

    half [of] that — die Hälfte [davon]

    cut something in half or into [two] halves — etwas in zwei Hälften schneiden

    divide something in half or into halves — etwas halbieren

    one/two and a half hours, one hour/two hours and a half — anderthalb od. eineinhalb/zweieinhalb Stunden

    not/never do anything/things by halves — keine halben Sachen machen

    be too cheeky/big by half — entschieden zu frech/groß sein

    go halves or go half and half [with somebody] — halbe-halbe [mit jemandem] machen (ugs.)

    that's only or just or not the half of it — das ist noch nicht alles

    2) (coll.): (half-pint) kleines Glas; (of beer) kleines Bier; Kleine, das (ugs.)

    a half of bitter — etc. ein kleines Bitter usw.

    3) (Footb. etc.): (period) Halbzeit, die
    2. adjective

    half the house/books/staff/time — die Hälfte des Hauses/der Bücher/des Personals/der Zeit

    he is drunk half the time — (very often) er ist fast immer betrunken

    3. adverb
    1) (to the extent of half) zur Hälfte; halb [öffnen, schließen, aufessen, fertig, voll, geöffnet]; (almost) fast [fallen, ersticken, tot sein]

    half as much/many/big/heavy — halb so viel/viele/groß/schwer

    half run [and] half walk — teils laufen, teils gehen

    I half wished/hoped that... — ich wünschte mir/hoffte fast, dass...

    only half hear what... — nur zum Teil hören, was...

    half listen for/to — mit halbem Ohr horchen auf (+ Akk.)/zuhören (+ Dat.)

    2) (by the amount of a half-hour) halb

    half past — or (coll.)

    half twelve/one/two/three — etc. halb eins/zwei/drei/vier usw

    * * *
    1. plural - halves; noun
    1) (one of two equal parts of anything: He tried to stick the two halves together again; half a kilo of sugar; a kilo and a half of sugar; one and a half kilos of sugar.) die Hälfte
    2) (one of two equal parts of a game (eg in football, hockey) usually with a break between them: The Rangers scored three goals in the first half.) die Halbzeit
    2. adjective
    1) (being (equal to) one of two equal parts (of something): a half bottle of wine.) halb
    2) (being made up of two things in equal parts: A centaur is a mythical creature, half man and half horse.) halb
    3) (not full or complete: a half smile.) halb
    3. adverb
    1) (to the extent of one half: This cup is only half full; It's half empty.) halb
    2) (almost; partly: I'm half hoping he won't come; half dead from hunger.) beinahe
    •
    - academic.ru/116531/half-">half-
    - halve
    - half-and-half
    - half-back
    - half-brother
    - half-sister
    - half-caste
    - half-hearted
    - half-heartedly
    - half-heartedness
    - half-holiday
    - half-hourly
    - half-term
    - half-time
    - half-way
    - half-wit
    - half-witted
    - half-yearly
    - at half mast
    - by half
    - do things by halves
    - go halves with
    - half past three
    - four
    - seven
    - in half
    - not half
    * * *
    [hɑ:f, AM hæf]
    I. n
    <pl halves>
    1. (fifty per cent) Hälfte f
    roughly \half of the class are Spanish die Klasse besteht ungefähr zur Hälfte aus Spaniern
    what's \half of ninety-six? was ist die Hälfte von sechsundneunzig?
    a kilo and a \half eineinhalb [o DIAL anderthalb] Kilo
    \half an apple ein halber Apfel
    \half a dozen ein halbes Dutzend
    \half the amount der halbe Betrag
    ▪ by \half um die Hälfte
    bigger by \half eineinhalbmal so groß
    to divide sth by \half etw durch zwei teilen
    to reduce sth by \half etw um die Hälfte reduzieren
    ▪ in \half [or into halves] in zwei Hälften
    to cut sth into halves etw halbieren
    to cut in \half in der Mitte durchschneiden, halbieren
    to fold in \half zur Mitte falten
    2. BRIT ( fam: half pint of beer) kleines Bier (entspricht ca. 1/4 Liter), ÖSTERR a. Seidel nt, ÖSTERR a. Seitel nt, Stange f SCHWEIZ
    3. BRIT (child's ticket)
    two adults and three halves, please! zwei Erwachsene und drei Kinder, bitte!
    4. FBALL (midfield player) Läufer(in) m(f)
    first/second \half erste/zweite Spielhälfte [o Halbzeit
    5. ( fam: the whole)
    you haven't heard the \half of it yet! das dicke Ende kommt ja noch!
    that's \half the fun [of it] das ist doch gerade der Spaß daran
    6. ( fam: most) der/die/das meiste...
    \half of them didn't turn up die meisten von ihnen sind gar nicht erschienen
    our boss has lost \half his authority unser Chef hat seine Autorität zum größten Teil eingebüßt
    if you are \half the man I think you are, you'll succeed wenn du auch nur im entferntesten der Mann bist, für den ich dich halte, dann schaffst du das
    \half [of] the time die meiste Zeit
    7.
    ▶ to be \half the battle:
    for jobs like that, getting an interview is \half the battle bei Stellen wie diesen hat man schon halb gewonnen, wenn man ein Vorstellungsgespräch bekommt
    ▶ given \half a chance wenn man die Möglichkeit hätte
    I'd go to India, given \half a chance wenn ich die Möglichkeit hätte, würde ich nach Indien gehen
    ▶ to be too clever by \half ein Schlaumeier sein
    ▶ to not do things by halves keine halben Sachen machen fam
    ▶ a game/meal and a \half ein Bombenspiel nt/Bombenessen nt fam
    ▶ to go halves [on sth] ( fam) sich dat die Kosten [für etw akk] teilen
    I'll go halves with you ich teile mit dir, ich mach mit dir halbe-halbe fam
    ▶ my other [or better] \half meine zweite [o bessere] Hälfte
    ▶ how the other \half lives ( prov) wie andere Leute leben
    ▶ \half a second [or BRIT tick] einen Moment
    I'll be with you in \half a second ich bin sofort bei dir
    II. adj halbe(r, s) attr
    a centaur is half man half horse ein Zentaur ist halb Mensch halb Pferd
    \half [a] per cent ein halbes Prozent
    a \half pint of lager ein kleines Helles
    III. adv
    1. (almost) fast, nahezu, beinahe
    they had been frightened \half out of their minds sie wären fast verrückt geworden vor Angst
    2. (partially, to some extent) halb, zum Teil
    she was \half afraid she'd have to make a speech sie hatte schon fast befürchtet, eine Rede halten zu müssen
    I was \half inclined to call you last night ich hätte dich gestern Abend fast angerufen
    it wasn't \half as good das war bei Weitem nicht so gut
    \half asleep halb wach
    \half cooked halb gar
    \half empty/full halb leer/voll
    \half naked halb nackt
    to be \half right person zum Teil Recht haben; thing zur Hälfte richtig sein
    3. (time)
    [at] \half past nine [um] halb zehn; ( fam)
    meet me at home at \half past on the dot, okay? du bist dann um Punkt halb bei mir, o. k.? fam
    4. (by fifty percent)
    ▪ \half as... as... halb so... wie...
    my little brother is \half as tall as me mein kleiner Bruder ist halb so groß wie ich
    he is \half my weight er wiegt halb so viel wie ich
    5. (intensifies negative statement)
    not \half BRIT ( fam) unheimlich fam, wahnsinnig fam, irre sl
    he wasn't \half handsome er sah unverschämt gut aus fam
    she didn't \half shout at him sie hat ihn vielleicht angebrüllt fam; (affirms positive opinion)
    did you enjoy the film? — not \half! hat dir der Film gefallen? — und wie!
    * * *
    [hAːf]
    1. n pl halves
    1) Hälfte f

    to cut sth in half — etw halbieren; (with knife also) etw in zwei Hälften or Teile schneiden; salary etc etw um or auf die Hälfte kürzen

    to break/tear sth in half — etw durchbrechen/durchreißen

    half of it/them — die Hälfte davon/von ihnen

    half the book/money — die Hälfte des Buches/Geldes, das halbe Buch/Geld

    half my life — die Hälfte meines Lebens, mein halbes Leben

    he gave me half — er gab mir die Hälfte

    half a cup/an hour — eine halbe Tasse/Stunde

    he's not half the man he used to be — er ist längst nicht mehr das, was er einmal war

    half a second! —

    to go halves (with sb on sth) — (mit jdm mit etw) halbe-halbe machen (inf)

    one and a half — eineinhalb, anderthalb

    2) (SPORT of match) (Spiel)hälfte f, Halbzeit f; (= player) Läufer(in) m(f)
    3) (of ticket) Abschnitt m der Fahrkarte; (= travel, admission fee) halbe Karte (inf)

    return half (Brit) — Abschnitt m für die Rückfahrt

    two adults and one half, please — zwei Erwachsene und ein Kind, bitte

    two and a half (to London) — zweieinhalb(mal London)

    4) (= beer) kleines Bier, Halbe f (dial), Halbe(s) nt, Kleine(s) nt; (Scot, = whisky) einfacher Whisky, Einfache(r) m
    5)

    (= husband etc) or other half — meine bessere Hälfte

    2. adj
    halb

    half one thing half another — halb und halb, halb das eine und halb das andere

    half man half beast —

    it's neither opera nor operetta but sort of half and half — es ist so ein Zwischending nt zwischen Oper und Operette

    3. adv
    1) halb

    I half thought... — ich hätte fast gedacht...

    I was half afraid that... — ich habe fast befürchtet, dass...

    the work is only half done — die Arbeit ist erst halb or zur Hälfte erledigt

    half laughing, half crying — halb lachend, halb weinend

    half laughing, half crying he told me... — mit einem lachenden und einem weinenden Auge erzählte er mir...

    he half rose to his feet —

    I half think that... — ich habe beinahe den Eindruck, dass...

    the book was half in German, half in English — das Buch war zur Hälfte auf Deutsch und zur Hälfte auf Englisch

    2) (Brit inf)

    he's not half stupid/rich etc — er ist vielleicht or unheimlich dumm/reich etc

    3)
    4)

    he earns half as much as you —

    give me half as much again — gib mir noch die Hälfte dazu

    * * *
    half [hɑːf; US hæf]
    A adj
    1. halb:
    a half mile, meist half a mile eine halbe Meile;
    a half share ein halber Anteil, eine Hälfte;
    half an hour eine halbe Stunde;
    at half the price zum halben Preis;
    two pounds and a half, two and a half pounds zweieinhalb Pfund;
    a fish and a half umg ein Mordsfisch;
    a fellow and a half umg ein Pfundskerl;
    a woman and a half umg eine Superfrau
    2. halb, oberflächlich:
    half knowledge Halbwissen n, Halbbildung f
    B adv
    1. halb, zur Hälfte:
    half cooked halb gar;
    half as long halb so lang;
    half as much halb so viel;
    half as much ( oder as many) again anderthalbmal so viel;
    she is half his age sie ist halb so alt wie er
    2. halb(wegs), fast, nahezu:
    half dead halb tot;
    he half wished (suspected) er wünschte (vermutete) halb oder fast
    a) bei Weitem nicht, lange nicht:
    b) umg (ganz und) gar nicht:
    not half bad gar nicht übel
    c) umg gehörig, mordsmäßig:
    he didn’t half swear er fluchte nicht schlecht
    half past (US a. after) two zwei Uhr dreißig, halb drei;
    half three Br umg halb vier
    5. SCHIFF …einhalb:
    half three dreieinhalb (Faden)
    C pl halves [hɑːvz; US hævz] s
    1. Hälfte f:
    the first half of the year die erste Jahreshälfte;
    one half of it die eine Hälfte davon;
    half of the girls die Hälfte der Mädchen;
    waste half of one’s time die halbe Zeit verschwenden; → better1 A 1
    2. SPORT
    a) (Spiel)Hälfte f, Halbzeit f:
    in the first (second) half auch vor (nach) dem Seitenwechsel;
    a game of two different halves ein Spiel mit zwei verschiedenen Halbzeiten
    b) auch half of the field (Spielfeld)Hälfte f
    c) first (second) half of the season Vorrunde (Rückrunde) f
    3. → halfback
    4. Golf: Gleichstand m
    5. Fahrkarte f zum halben Preis
    6. → half-hour A
    7. halbes Pint (besonders Bier):
    I only had a half ich hab nur ein kleines Bier getrunken
    8. obs Halbjahr nBesondere Redewendungen: half of it is ( oder half of them are) rotten die Hälfte (davon) ist faul;
    half the amount die halbe Menge oder Summe, halb so viel;
    cut in(to) halves ( oder in half) etwas halbieren oder in zwei Hälften teilen;
    do sth by halves etwas nur halb tun;
    do things by halves halbe Sachen oder Halbheiten machen;
    not do things by halves Nägel mit Köpfen machen;
    too clever by half bes Br umg oberschlau;
    go halves with sb in ( oder on) sth etwas mit jemandem teilen, mit jemandem bei etwas halbpart machen;
    not good enough by half bei Weitem nicht gut genug; → battle Bes Redew, eye A 2, mind A 5
    hf abk half
    * * *
    1.
    [hɑːf]noun, pl. halves [hɑːvz]
    1) (part) Hälfte, die

    half [of something] — die Hälfte [von etwas]

    half [of] that — die Hälfte [davon]

    cut something in half or into [two] halves — etwas in zwei Hälften schneiden

    divide something in half or into halves — etwas halbieren

    one/two and a half hours, one hour/two hours and a half — anderthalb od. eineinhalb/zweieinhalb Stunden

    not/never do anything/things by halves — keine halben Sachen machen

    be too cheeky/big by half — entschieden zu frech/groß sein

    go halves or go half and half [with somebody] — halbe-halbe [mit jemandem] machen (ugs.)

    that's only or just or not the half of it — das ist noch nicht alles

    2) (coll.): (half-pint) kleines Glas; (of beer) kleines Bier; Kleine, das (ugs.)

    a half of bitter — etc. ein kleines Bitter usw.

    3) (Footb. etc.): (period) Halbzeit, die
    2. adjective

    half the house/books/staff/time — die Hälfte des Hauses/der Bücher/des Personals/der Zeit

    he is drunk half the time — (very often) er ist fast immer betrunken

    3. adverb
    1) (to the extent of half) zur Hälfte; halb [öffnen, schließen, aufessen, fertig, voll, geöffnet]; (almost) fast [fallen, ersticken, tot sein]

    half as much/many/big/heavy — halb so viel/viele/groß/schwer

    half run [and] half walk — teils laufen, teils gehen

    I half wished/hoped that... — ich wünschte mir/hoffte fast, dass...

    only half hear what... — nur zum Teil hören, was...

    half listen for/to — mit halbem Ohr horchen auf (+ Akk.)/zuhören (+ Dat.)

    half past — or (coll.)

    half twelve/one/two/three — etc. halb eins/zwei/drei/vier usw

    * * *
    adj.
    halb adj. n.
    (§ pl.: halves)
    = Hälfte -n f.

    English-german dictionary > half

  • 20 turn

    1. I
    1) we all turned мы все повернулись [кругом]; he turned and went away in a rage он повернулся и в гневе пошел прочь; it is time for us to turn нам пора повернуть назад /пойти обратно/; he did not know which way /where/ то turn a) он не знал, куда повернуться; б) он не знал, к кому обратиться; the river turns and twists речка извивается /петляет/; the tide has turned начинается отлив или прилив; the wind is turning ветер меняется /меняет направление/; the weather has turned погода изменилась; I fear my luck will turn боюсь, мне изменит счастье /мне перестанет везти/
    2) the wheels turned колеса вертелись; the ball turns крутится шар; the merry-go-round turned карусель вертелась /вращалась/; this key is hard to turn этот ключ трудно повернуть; the tap won't turn кран не поворачивается
    3) my head is turning у меня кружится голова; heights always make his head turn высота всегда вызывает у него головокружение
    4) the leaves are beginning to turn листья начинают желтеть; her hair has begun to turn она начала седеть
    5) the milk has turned молоко прокисло
    6) the edge of the knife had turned лезвие ножа затупилось
    2. II
    1) turn in some manner turn abruptly (reluctantly, instinctively, wearily, insolently, etc.) резко и т.д. повернуть (ся) или свернуть; somewhere turn this way (that way, left, around, etc.) повернуть(ся) в эту сторону и т.д.; the main road turns sharp right шоссе круто уходит направо; turn homewards (west, etc.) направляться домой и т.д.; let's turn back давайте вернемся [назад]; she turned aside and began to sob она отвернулась и начала всхлипывать; turn round and let me see your face повернись и дай мне посмотреть тебе в лице; he turned round and round он все время поворачивался /крутился/; turn at tome time it is time to turn now теперь нам пора возвращаться /поворачивать назад/
    2) turn in some manner the boat (the car, the cart, etc.) turned over лодка и т.д. перевернулась; the aircraft struck the ground and turned over and over самолет врезался в землю и несколько раз перевернулся; turn head over heels перекувырнуться; the boat turned upside down лодка перевернулась /опрокинулась вверх дном/; my umbrella (my pocket, etc.) turned inside out у меня вывернулся зонтик и т.д.; the whole world turned topsy-turvy весь мир перевернулся, все в мире перевернулось
    3) turn in some manner the key (the handle, the tap, etc.) turns easily ключ и т.д. легко поворачивается
    4) turn in some manner the dancer turned quickly (awkwardly, gracefully. etc.) танцовщица быстро и т.д. кружилась
    5) turn in some manner the metal (the wood, this material, etc.) turns well (easily, quickly, etc.) этот металл и т.д. хорошо и т.д. поддается обточке
    3. III
    1) turn smb., smth. turn one's horse (one's car, the carriage, etc.) повернуть лошадь и т.д. обратно /назад/; she turned her steps она повернула назад; turn one's head обернуться, повернуть голову; turn the course of a river (the tide of events, etc.) изменить течение реки и т.д.; turn the conversation изменить тему разговора, повернуть беседу в другое русло; turn the corner а) поворачивать за угол; the саг turned the corner машина завернула за угол; б) выходить из затруднительного положения; once he has made up his mind, nothing will turn him если он что-нибудь решил, ничто не заставит его изменить своего решения
    2) turn smth. turn a page of a book (pancakes, an omelette, etc.) переворачивать страницу книги и т.д.; turn hay ворошить сено; turn soil пахать; turn a bed перетряхивать постель; turn a sheet отогнуть простыню; turn a garment (a dress, a suit, a coat, a cape, a collar, etc.) перелицовывать одежду и т.д.; turn a complete circle (a half-circle, 16 points, etc.) делать полный оборот и т.д.; turn a somersault делать сальто, кувыркаться || turn one's ankle вывихнуть /подвернуть/ ногу; turn smb.'s brain сводить кого-л. с ума; grief (overwork, etc.) has turned his brain от горя и т.д. он сошел с ума
    3) turn smth. turn a wheel вращать колесо; turn a handle крутить ручку; turn a key (the cap of a jar, the tap, the doorknob, etc.) поворачивать ключ и т.д.
    4) || turn smb.'s head вскружить кому-л. голову; success had not turned his head от успеха голова у него не закружилась; turn smb.'s stomach вызывать у кого-л. тошноту; the mere sight of food turns his stomach его воротит /мутит, тошнит/ от одного вида пищи; I'm afraid the rolling of the ship will turn my stomach боюсь, что качка на корабле вызовет у меня тошноту
    5) turn smb. turn an excellent husband (a soldier, a schoolmaster, a reporter, a poet, a Christian, etc.) стать [со временем] прекрасным мужем и т.д.; turn traitor (informer, etc.) стать предателем и т.д.
    6) || turn some colour стать какого-л. цвета, принять какую-л. окраску; turn all the colours of the rainbow окраситься во все цвета радуги; he turned colour он покраснел или побледнел
    7) turn smth. turn milk (cream) сквашивать молоко (сливки); heat has turned the milk от жары молоко скисло
    9) turn smth. turn a blow отводить удар; the metal is thick enough to turn a bullet металл достаточно прочен, чтобы пуля от него отскочила /его не пробила/
    10) turn smth. turn candlesticks (wooden vessels, brass, lead pipes, columns, etc.) вытачивать /обтачивать/ подсвечники и т.д.
    11) turn smth. turn an epigram (a couplet, a witty reply, etc.) сочинить эпиграмму и т.д.; turn a pretty compliment сделать тонкий комплимент; he has a knack for turning a phrase он очень ловко жонглирует словами; I don't know how he managed to turn the trick я не знаю, как ему удалось провернуть это дельце
    12) turn smth. turn the edge of a knife (the edge of an axe, etc.) затупить лезвие ножа и т.д.
    4. IV
    1) turn smth., smb. somewhere turn one's саг (the horse, the carriage, one's steps, etc.) back (homewards, northwards, etc.) повернуть машину и т.д. назад и т.д.; turn your eyes /your look/ this way посмотри сюда; turn smth. in some manner turn your chair so that the light is on your left поверните стул так, чтобы свет падал слева; turn the corner at full speed поворачивать за угол на полном ходу
    2) turn smth., smb. in some manner turn the pages of a book (of a magazine, etc.) thoughtlessly (absent-mindedly, idly, quickly, etc.) бездумно и т.д. переворачивать страницы книги /перелистывать книгу/ и т.Л; turn some old letters nostalgically с грустью перебирать старью письма; turn a patient (a body, etc,) easily легко перевернуть больного и т.д.; the doctor turned him over and looked at his back врач перевернул его и осмотрел его спину; turn the boy around, I want to sound him поверий мальчика, я его выслушаю; turn the handle three times (the tap one notch, etc.) повернуть ручку три раза и т.д.; turn one's pockets (a coat, one's glove, etc.) inside out выворачивать карманы и т.д. [наизнанку]; turn the boat (the pail, etc.) upside down опрокидывать лодку и т.д. вверх дном; don't turn this box upside down этот ящик нельзя кантовать; turn a room upside down перевернуть все в комнате вверх дном || turn one's ankle unexpectedly (suddenly, etc.) неожиданно и т.д. подвернуть ногу; I turned my ankle painfully я подвернул ногу и мне очень больно
    3) turn smth. in some manner you are turning my words around ты передергиваешь мои слова
    4) turn some age at some time she has not yet turned 40 ей еще нет сорока; his son just turned 4 его сыну как раз исполнилось четыре года; it has just turned two сейчас ровно два часа
    5) turn smth. somewhere turn aside a blow отвести удар
    6) turn smth. at some time I could turn a Latin verse in my day в свое время я писал стихи на латыни
    5. VI
    turn smth., smb. into some [other] state
    1) turn the light low уменьшить свет; the lamp low подвернуть лампу; fear turned him cowardly страх сделал его трусом; what turned the milk bad /sour/? от чего скисло молоко; his behaviour turns me sick от его поведения меня всего переворачивает
    2) turn a bird (prisoners, the animals, an arrow, etc.) loose выпустить птичку и т.д. на свободу; why don't you turn them free? почему ты не отпустишь их?
    3) turn the leaves red (yellow, etc.) окрашивать листья багрянцем и т.д.; the very thought turned me pale одна мысль об этом заставила меня побледнеть, я побледнел при одной мысли об этом; illness (worry, etc.) turned his hair white /grey/ он поседел от болезни и т.д.; the success of others turns him green with envy он зеленеет от зависти, когда слышит об успехах других
    6. XI
    1) be turned out of some place be turned out of the country (out of the house, etc.) быть высланным /водворенным/ из страны и т.д.; he was turned out of the hall for making too much noise его вывели /выгнали/ из зала за то, что он очень шумел; be turned from smth. he was turned from the door его прогнали от дверей
    2) be turned to for smth. this book may be turned to for accurate information (for answers, for clues, etc,) в этой книге можно найти точные сведения и т.д.
    3) be turned the dress (the suit, etc.) must be turned платье и т.д. надо перелицевать
    4) be turned by smth. be turned by steam приводиться в движение паром; be turned by gas вращаться при помощи газа; the mill wheel is being turned by water-power (by electricity, etc.) мельничное колесо приводится в движение /вращается/ силой воды и т.д.
    5) be turned (in)to smth. the drawing-room (the nursery, etc.) was turned into a study гостиная и т.д. была превращена в кабинет, из гостиной и т.д. сделали кабинет; his love was turned to hatred его любовь перешла в ненависть; it was formerly thought that common metals could be turned into gold раньше думали, что обычные металлы можно превратить в золото
    7. XII
    have smth. turned have one's coat (one's dress, etc.) turned отдать пальто и т.д. в перелицовку
    8. XIII
    turn to do smth. turn to look behind (to say smth., to pass the book to me, etc.) повернуться, чтобы посмотреть назад и т.д.
    9. XV
    turn into some state turn pale побледнеть: the leaves are beginning to turn yellow листья начинают желтеть; turn blue with cold посинеть от холода; turn green with envy позеленеть от зависти; her hair was said to have turned grey in one night говорили, что она поседела за одну ночь; this ink turns black on drying эти чернила становятся черными, когда высыхают; turn cold /colder/ холодать; the weather turned rainy (bad, stormy, etc.) погода стала дождливой и т.д.; whenever I come he turns sulky всегда, когда я прихожу, он начинает дуться; don't leave the milk on the table, it'll turn sour не оставляй молоко на столе, оно скиснет
    10. XVI
    1) turn to (off, towards, into, etc.) smth., smb. turn to the window (to the left, to the right, towards me, towards the sea, for home, etc.) повернуться к окну и т.Л; turn off the highway сворачивать с шоссе; the road turns to the north here здесь дорога уходит на север; the boat turned to windward лодка развернулась по ветру; he turned towards home он направился домой; turn into a wide road (into an alley, into the next street, etc.) свернуть на широкое шоссе и т.д.; they turned from the road into the woods они повернули с дороги в лес; turn at (in, on, etc.) smth. turn at the corner завернуть за угол, поворачивать на углу; turn in bed (in one's sleep, etc.) вертеться в постели и т.д.; the wheels won't turn in this mud в такой грязи колеса будут буксовать и не будут вращаться/; it's enough to make him turn in his grave он от этого в гробу перевернется; turn on one side while sleeping повернуться на бок во сне
    2) turn into smth. turn into a house (into the saloon at the corner, etc.) завернуть /заглянуть/ в дом и т.д.; turn into a town заехать в город
    3) turn to smth., smb. turn to the last page заглянуть на последнюю страницу; you'll find those figures if you turn to page 50 вы найдете эти цифры на странице/, если откроете страницу/ пятьдесят; my thoughts often turn to this subject мои мысли часто возвращаются к этой теме /к этому вопросу/; I shall now turn to another matter теперь я перейду к другому вопросу; I have no one to turn to мне не к кому обратиться; he is not the man you could turn to in these questions он не тот человек, к которому можно было бы обратиться с просьбой по таким вопросам; turn to smth., smb. for smth. turn to the dictionary for a word (to literature for reference, to a document for guidance, to his letter for consolation, etc.) обращаться к словари в поисках слова и т.Л; turn to his friend for help (to his mother for comfort, to his teacher for advice and guidance, to the police for protection, etc.) искать помощи у друга и т.д.; turn to the secretary for information (to his colleagues for support, etc.) обратиться к секретарю за справкой и т.д.; he turned to us for a loan он попросил нас дать ему взаймы денег
    4) turn to smth. turn to music (to the study of law, to medical practice, to journalism, to painting, to book-collecting, etc.) заняться музыкой и т.д.; turn to one's work приниматься /браться/ за работу; he is giving up the stage and turning to film work он бросает сцену и переходит на работу в кино; turn to drink начать пить; turn to crime заняться преступной деятельностью; the starling only turns to worms when there are no berries скворцы питаются червями только тогда, когда нет ягод
    5) turn on (round, etc.) smth. turn on an axle (on its axis, round the sun, etc.) вращаться на оси и т.д.; the door turns on its hinges дверь поворачивается на петлях; he turned on his heel and walked out of the room он круто повернулся и вышел из комнаты
    6) turn with smth. his head turns with giddiness у него кружится голова; his head has turned with success успех вскружил ему голову; the weathercock turns with the wind флюгер крутится по ветру; turn at smth. his stomach turns at the sight of blood (at the mere sight of food, etc.) у него поднимается тошнота при виде крови и т.д.
    7) turn (in)to smb., smth. turn into a butterfly (into a very pleasant fellow, into vinegar, into ice, etc.) превратиться в бабочку /стать бабочкой/ и т.д.; fog sometimes turns to snow (to rain) туман иногда переходит в снег (в дождь); the water has turned to ice вода превратилась в лед; the snow had turned (in)to slush снег превратился в слякоть; can a wolf turn into a lamb? разве может волк обернуться /стать/ овечкой?; my admiration soon turned to scorn мое восхищение скоро сменилось презрением; turn from smth. (in)to smth. the wind turned from west into south-west Южный ветер сменился юго-западным; the sphere has turned from blue to red шар из голубого стал красным; turn for smth. turn for the better (for the worse) (из)меняться к лучшему (к худшему)
    8) turn (up)on smth. everything (the whole argument, the outcome, the decision, etc.) turns on his answer (on that fact, on this point, etc.) все и т.д. зависит от его ответа и т.д.; the success of the trip turns on the weather успех поездки будет зависеть от погоды; everything turned upon the result of the battle все определялось исходом боя; the conversation turned (up)on sport (upon dress, upon hunting, on a variety of subjects, etc.).разговор вертелся вокруг /касался/ спорта и т.д.; the debate did not turn upon any practical propositions обсуждение не касалось никаких практических вопросов
    9) turn on (against) smb. the dog (the lion, the big.cat, etc.) turned on its trainer (on its owner, on its keeper, on its pursuers, etc.) собака и т.д. набросилась на своего дрессировщика и т.Л; even the most friendly dog may turn on you if you tease or annoy it даже самая добродушная собака может наброситься на человека, если ее раздразнить; why have you turned on me? что ты на меня взъелся?; what a fine excuse for turn logon me прекрасный повод, чтобы наброситься на меня; he turned angrily against his relatives (against his former friends, against his opponents, etc.) он яростно ополчился на своих родственников и т.А; the newspapers turned against the Parliament газеты начали кампанию против парламента; his words (his own criticism, etc.) turned against him его слова и т.д. обернулись против него самого
    10) turn from smb. he turned from his friends oil порвал со своими друзьями; он отвернулся от своих друзей; he turned from the Democrats and joined the Republicans он порвал с демократической партией в примкнул к республиканцам
    11. XXI1
    1) turn smth., smb. to (towards, into, on, etc.) smth., smb. turn the саг to the bridge повернуть машину к месту, въехать на мост; turn one's car to the left (one's camera to the right, etc.) повернуть машину налево и т.д.; turn one's саг towards the centre of the town направиться [на машине] к центру города; turn one's horse to the hills погнать лошадь в горы; turn cows to pasture выгнать коров на пастбище; turn one's chair to the fire повернуть свое кресло к камину; plants turn blooms to the light растения поворачивают головки к свету; turn one's back to one's guests (to the audience, to the wall, etc.) повернуться /стать/ спиной к гостям и т.д.; turn the light into the dark room направить луч света в темную комнату; turn a telescope on a star (the searchlight on smb., etc.) направлять телескоп на звезду и т.д.; turn the talk into other channels перевести разговор на другую тему; turn one's eyes on the stage обратить или перевести взгляд на сцену; turn smth. with smth. he turned the blow with his arm он отвел удар рукой id turn a deaf ear to smb.'s request./to smb./ отказаться выслушать чью-л. просьбу, остаться глухим к чьей-л. просьбе
    2) turn smb. out of (from, etc.) smth. turn smb. out of his room (out of the house, out of a club, etc.) выгнать кого-л. из комнаты и т.д.; turn a beggar from one's door прогнать нищего от своих дверей
    3) turn smth. to smth., smb. turn one's thoughts (one's attention, one's mind) to one's work (to practical matters, to something more important, etc.) сосредоточить свои мысли и т.д. на работе и т.А; at last they turned their attention to her наконец они занялись ею; turn one's efforts to something more important направлять свои усилия на что-либо более важное
    4) turn smth. to smth. turn one's hand to useful work заняться полезным делом; he can turn his hand to almost anything он умеет делать почти все; he knows how to turn things to advantage /to account/ он знает, как из всего извлечь пользу; he turns even his errors to account даже из своих ошибок он извлекает пользу
    5) turn smth. on (in) smth. turn a wagon on its side опрокинуть телегу на бок; turn a chop in a pan перевернуть котлету на сковородке || turn one's ankle on the edge of the sidewalk вывихнуть ногу, споткнувшись о край тротуара
    6) turn smth. in smth. turn one's hat in one's hands (the toy in one's fingers, etc.) вертеть шляпу в руках и т.д.; turn the key in the lock поворачивать ключ в замке и т.д. id turn smb. round one's little finger вертеть кем-л. [как хочешь], помыкать кем-л.
    7) turn smth. (in)to smth. turn water into ice (defeat into victory, love to hatred, tears into laughter, etc.) превращать воду в лед и т.д.; turn a theatre into a cinema (a garden into a tennis-court, etc.) переделать /перестроить/ театр в кинозал и т.д.; turn one's land into money (one's bonds into cash, their stock into cash, etc.) обратить землю в деньги и т.д.; turn coins into paper money поменять звонкую монету на бумажные деньги; turn this piece of prose into verse переложить этот прозаический отрывок на стихи; turn this passage into Greek (a German letter into French, Latin into English, etc.) перевести этот отрывок на греческий язык и т.д.; turn smb. (in)to smb. turn her into a cinema star (the boy into a friend, our soldiers into a police force, etc.) сделать из нее кинозвезду и т.д.; turn a pessimist into an optimist превращать пессимиста в оптимиста; the fairy turned the prince into a frog фея превратила принца в лягушку id turn swords into ploughshares перековать мечи на орала
    8) turn smb., smth., against smb. turn the children against their father (everyone against the boy, his family against him, etc.) восстанавливать детей против отца и т.д.; turn friends against friends восстановить друзей друг против друга; it turns their argument against them это направляет их доводы против них самих
    9) turn smb., smth. from smth. turn smb. from his duty отвлекать кого-л. от исполнения своих обязанностей; nothing will ever turn him from his purpose ничто не заставит его изменять своему решению или отказаться от своей цели; turn a vessel from her course заставить судно отклониться от курса; turn the conversation from an unpleasant subject увести разговор от неприятной темы
    10) turn smth. out of /from/ smth. turn candlesticks out of /from/ brass вытачивать медные подсвечники
    12. XXII
    turn smb. by doing smth. the police turned the advancing crowd by firing over their heads полиция заставила наступающую толпу повернуть назад, начав стрельбу в воздух
    13. XXV
    turn when... (as if..., etc.) she turned when she saw us увидев нас, она отвернулась или свернула; he turned as if to go он повернулся, делая вид, что собирается уходить
    14. XXVI
    turn smth. when... she turns his shirt-collars when they get frayed она перевертывает воротнички его сорочек, когда они вытираются

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > turn

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